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Mol. Cell. Biol., Dec 1996, 7018-7030, Vol 16, No. 12
Copyright © 1996, American Society for Microbiology

Regulation of Drosophila heat shock factor trimerization: global sequence requirements and independence of nuclear localization

A Orosz, J Wisniewski and C Wu
Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA.

Heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is a multidomain protein that exists as a monomer under normal conditions and is reversibly induced upon heat shock to a trimeric state that binds to DNA with high affinity. The maintenance of the monomeric state is dependent on hydrophobic heptad repeats located at the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions which have been proposed to form an intramolecular coiled-coil structure. In a systematic deletion analysis to identify other regions of HSF that may be required to regulate its oligomeric state, we have found that local sequences encompassing the carboxy-terminal end of the DNA binding domain and a broad region of HSF between the heptad repeats also contribute to this regulation. Immunocytochemical analysis of mutant HSF proteins revealed a canonical motif required for nuclear localization. HSF proteins lacking the nuclear localization signal remain in the cytoplasm, but these HSFs nonetheless exhibit reversible heat stress-inducible trimerization. The results indicate that the signals that regulate HSF trimerization operate in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of the cell.


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