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Mol. Cell. Biol., 04 1996, 1734-1745, Vol 16, No. 4
CP Chang, L Brocchieri, WF Shen, C Largman and ML Cleary
Pbx cofactors are implicated to play important roles in modulating the
DNA-binding properties of heterologous homeodomain proteins, including
class I Hox proteins. To assess how Pbx proteins influence Hox DNA- binding
specificity, we used a binding-site selection approach to determine
high-affinity target sites recognized by various Pbx-Hox homeoprotein
complexes. Pbx-Hox heterodimers preferred to bind a bipartite sequence
5'-ATGATTNATNN-3' consisting of two adjacent half sites in which the Pbx
component of the heterodimer contacted the 5' half (ATGAT) and the Hox
component contacted the more variable 3' half (TNATNN). Binding sites
matching the consensus were also obtained for Pbx1 complexed with HoxA10,
which lacks a hexapeptide but requires a conserved tryptophan-containing
motif for cooperativity with Pbx. Interactions with Pbx were found to play
an essential role in modulating Hox homeodomain amino-terminal arm contact
with DNA in the core of the Hox half site such that heterodimers of
different compositions could distinguish single nucleotide alterations in
the Hox half site both in vitro and in cellular assays measuring
transactivation. When complexed with Pbx, Hox proteins B1 through B9 and
A10 showed stepwise differences in their preferences for nucleotides in the
Hox half site core (TTAT to TGAT, 5' to 3') that correlated with the
locations of their respective genes in the Hox cluster. These observations
demonstrate previously undetected DNA- binding specificity for the
amino-terminal arm of the Hox homeodomain and suggest that different
binding activities of Pbx-Hox complexes are at least part of the
position-specific activities of the Hox genes.
Copyright © 1996, American Society for Microbiology
Pbx modulation of Hox homeodomain amino-terminal arms establishes different DNA-binding specificities across the Hox locus
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.
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