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Mol. Cell. Biol., Aug 1996, 4081-4087, Vol 16, No. 8
MK Webster, PY D'Avis, SC Robertson and DJ Donoghue
Thanatophoric dysplasia type II (TDII) is a neonatal lethal skeletal
dysplasia caused by a recurrent Lys-650-->Glu mutation within the highly
conserved activation loop of the kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor
receptor 3 (FGFR3). We demonstrate here that this mutation results in
profound constitutive activation of the FGFR3 tyrosine kinase,
approximately 100-fold above that of wild-type FGFR3. The mechanism of
FGFR3 activation in TDII was probed by constructing various point mutations
in the activation loop. Substitutions at position 650 indicated that not
only Glu but also Asp and, to a lesser extent, Gln and Leu result in
pronounced constitutive activation of FGFR3. Additional mutagenesis within
the beta10-beta11 loop region (amino acids Tyr-647 to Leu-656) demonstrated
that amino acid 650 is the only residue which can activate the receptor
when changed to a Glu, indicating a specificity of position as well as
charge for mutations which can give rise to kinase activation. Furthermore,
when predicted sites of autophosphorylation at Tyr-647 and Tyr-648 were
mutated to Phe, either singly or in combination, constitutive kinase
activity was still observed in response to the Lys-650-->Glu mutation,
although the effect of these mutations on downstream signalling was not
investigated. Our data suggest that the molecular effect of the TDII
activation loop mutation is to mimic the conformational changes that
activate the tyrosine kinase domain, which are normally initiated by ligand
binding and autophosphorylation. These results have broad implications for
understanding the molecular basis of other human developmental syndromes
that involve mutations in members of the FGFR family. Moreover, these
findings are relevant to the study of kinase regulation and the design of
activating mutations in related tyrosine kinases.
Copyright © 1996, American Society for Microbiology
Profound ligand-independent kinase activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by the activation loop mutation responsible for a lethal skeletal dysplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia type II
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0367, USA.
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