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Mol. Cell. Biol., Jul 1997, 3924-3936, Vol 17, No. 7
MP Gupta, CS Amin, M Gupta, N Hay and R Zak
The M-CAT binding factor transcription enhancer factor 1 (TEF-1) has been
implicated in the regulation of several cardiac and skeletal muscle genes.
Previously, we identified an E-box-M-CAT hybrid (EM) motif that is
responsible for the basal and cyclic AMP-inducible expression of the rat
cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain (alpha-MHC) gene in cardiac myocytes. In
this study, we report that two factors, TEF-1 and a basic helix-loop-helix
leucine zipper protein, Max, bind to the alpha-MHC EM motif. We also found
that Max was a part of the cardiac troponin T M-CAT-TEF-1 complex even when
the DNA template did not contain an apparent E-box binding site. In the
protein-protein interaction assay, a stable association of Max with TEF-1
was observed when glutathione S-transferase (GST)-TEF-1 or GST-Max was used
to pull down in vitro-translated Max or TEF-1, respectively. In addition,
Max was coimmunoprecipitated with TEF-1, thus documenting an in vivo TEF-1-
Max interaction. In the transient transcription assay, overexpression of
either Max or TEF-1 resulted a mild activation of the alpha-MHC-
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene at lower
concentrations and repression of this gene at higher concentrations.
However, when Max and TEF-1 expression plasmids were transfected together,
the repression mediated by a single expression plasmid was alleviated and a
three- to fourfold transactivation of the alpha-MHC- CAT reporter gene was
observed. This effect was abolished once the EM motif in the
promoter-reporter construct was mutated, thus suggesting that the
synergistic transactivation function of the TEF-1-Max heterotypic complex
is mediated through binding of the complex to the EM motif. These results
demonstrate a novel association between Max and TEF-1 and indicate a
positive cooperation between these two factors in alpha-MHC gene
regulation.
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology
Transcription enhancer factor 1 interacts with a basic helix-loop-helix zipper protein, Max, for positive regulation of cardiac alpha-myosin heavy-chain gene expression
Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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