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Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 1998, p. 6653-6665, Vol. 18, No. 11
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Direct Interaction of SRY-Related Protein SOX9 and Steroidogenic Factor 1 Regulates Transcription of the Human Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene

Pascal De Santa Barbara,1 Nathalie Bonneaud,1 Brigitte Boizet,1 Marion Desclozeaux,1 Brigitte Moniot,1 Peter Sudbeck,2 Gerd Scherer,2 Francis Poulat,1 and Philippe Berta1,*

Centre de Recherche de Biochime Macromoléculaire, CNRS UPR1142, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France,1 and Institute of Human Genetics, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany2

Received 28 May 1998/Returned for modification 7 July 1998/Accepted 20 July 1998

For proper male sexual differentiation, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) must be tightly regulated during embryonic development to promote regression of the Müllerian duct. However, the molecular mechanisms specifying the onset of AMH in male mammals are not yet clearly defined. A DNA-binding element for the steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), a member of the orphan nuclear receptor family, located in the AMH proximal promoter has recently been characterized and demonstrated as being essential for AMH gene activation. However, the requirement for a specific promoter environment for SF-1 activation as well as the presence of conserved cis DNA-binding elements in the AMH promoter suggest that SF-1 is a member of a combinatorial protein-protein and protein-DNA complex. In this study, we demonstrate that the canonical SOX-binding site within the human AMH proximal promoter can bind the transcription factor SOX9, a Sertoli cell factor closely associated with Sertoli cell differentiation and AMH expression. Transfection studies with COS-7 cells revealed that SOX9 can cooperate with SF-1 in this activation process. In vitro and in vivo protein-binding studies indicate that SOX9 and SF-1 interact directly via the SOX9 DNA-binding domain and the SF-1 C-terminal region, respectively. We propose that the two transcription factors SOX9 and SF-1 could both be involved in the expression of the AMH gene, in part as a result of their respective binding to the AMH promoter and in part because of their ability to interact with each other. Our work thus identifies SOX9 as an interaction partner of SF-1 that could be involved in the Sertoli cell-specific expression of AMH during embryogenesis.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Human Molecular Genetics Group, Institut de Génétique Humaine, 141 rue de la cardonille, 34396 Montpellier cedex 5, France. Phone: (33) 499619955. Fax: (33) 499619901. E-mail: berta{at}igh.cnrs.fr.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 1998, p. 6653-6665, Vol. 18, No. 11
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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