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Mol Cell Biol, April 1998, p. 1911-1918, Vol. 18, No. 4
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Differential Screen for Ligand-Regulated Genes: Identification of HoxA10 as a Target of Vitamin D₃ Induction in Myeloid Leukemic Cells

Nynke Y. Rots, Min Liu, Eric C. Anderson, and Leonard P. Freedman^*

Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021

Received 21 October 1997/Returned for modification 4 December 1997/Accepted 9 January 1998

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃], the hormonal ligand for vitamin D₃, is a potent inducer of myeloid-leukemic-cell differentiation. Such cells differentiate exclusively into monocytes/macrophages in response to this ligand. Since 1,25(OH)₂D₃ transduces its hormone signal through the vitamin D₃ receptor (VDR), a ligand-modulated transcription factor and member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, we sought to identify direct VDR target genes induced during this differentiation process. To do so, we applied a modified differential screen with a nascent-RNA purification strategy using biases for immediate-early-response genes induced by 1,25(OH)₂D₃ in the myelomonocytic cell line U937. Using this screen, we had previously identified p21^Waf1/Cip1 as a gene transcriptionally induced by 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and demonstrated that this induction facilitates the differentiation of U937 cells into monocytes/macrophages (24). Here, we describe in detail our differential screen strategy and the identification and isolation of 20 1,25(OH)₂D₃-inducible genes or unknown cDNAs by means of this screen. One gene newly identified as a target of VDR regulation in myeloid cells is the homeobox HoxA10 gene. HoxA10 protein may act as a general regulator of cell growth, since overexpression of HoxA10 facilitated the differentiation of U937 cells into monocytes/macrophages independent of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and acted to strongly inhibit the growth of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by arresting these cells in G₁.

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^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021. Phone: (212) 639-2976. Fax: (212) 717-3298. E-mail: l-freedman{at}ski.mskcc.org.

Present address: Dept. of Cell Biology, Baylor School of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.

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