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Mol Cell Biol, May 1998, p. 2492-2501, Vol. 18, No. 5
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Regulation of Cell Size by Glucose Is Exerted via Repression of the CLN1 Promoter

Karin Flick,1 Daphne Chapman-Shimshoni,1,dagger David Stuart,1 Marisela Guaderrama,1 and Curt Wittenberg1,2,*

Departments of Molecular Biology1 and Cell Biology,2 The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037

Received 12 December 1997/Returned for modification 23 January 1998/Accepted 4 February 1998

Yeast cells are keenly sensitive to the availability and quality of nutrients. Addition of glucose to cells growing on a poorer carbon source elicits a cell cycle delay during G1 phase and a concomitant increase in the cell size. The signal is transduced through the RAS-cyclic AMP pathway. Using synchronized populations of G1 cells, we show that the increase in cell size required for budding depends upon CLN1 but not other G1 cyclins. This delay in cell cycle initiation is associated specifically with transcriptional repression of CLN1. CLN2 is not repressed. Repression of CLN1 is not limited to the first cycle following glucose addition but occurs in each cell cycle during growth on glucose. A 106-bp fragment of the CLN1 promoter containing the three MluI cell cycle box (MCB) core elements responsible for the majority of CLN1-associated upstream activation sequence activity is sufficient to confer glucose-induced repression on a heterologous reporter. A mutant CLN2 promoter that is rendered dependent upon its three MCB core elements due to inactivation of its Swi4-dependent cell cycle box (SCB) elements is also repressed by glucose. The response to glucose is partially suppressed by inactivation of SWI4, but not MBP1, which is consistent with the dependence of MCB core elements upon the SCB-binding transcription factor (SBF). We suggest that differential regulation of CLN1 and CLN2 by glucose results from differences in the capacity of SBF to activate transcription driven by SCB and MCB core elements. Finally, we show that transcriptional repression is sufficient to explain the cell cycle delay that occurs in response to glucose.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology, MB-3, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037. Phone: (619) 784-9628. Fax: (619) 784-2265. E-mail: curtw{at}scripps.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Molecular Genetics and Virology, The Weizmann Institute for Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Mol Cell Biol, May 1998, p. 2492-2501, Vol. 18, No. 5
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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