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Mol Cell Biol, June 1998, p. 3149-3162, Vol. 18, No. 6
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
The Regulatory Particle of the Saccharomyces
cerevisiae Proteasome
Michael H.
Glickman,1
David M.
Rubin,1
Victor A.
Fried,2 and
Daniel
Finley1,*
Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,1 and
Department of Cell Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla,
New York 105952
Received 1 December 1997/Returned for modification 23 January
1998/Accepted 9 March 1998
The proteasome is a multisubunit protease responsible for degrading
proteins conjugated to ubiquitin. The 670-kDa core particle of the
proteasome contains the proteolytic active sites, which face an
interior chamber within the particle and are thus protected from the
cytoplasm. The entry of substrates into this chamber is thought to be
governed by the regulatory particle of the proteasome, which covers the
presumed channels leading into the interior of the core particle. We
have resolved native yeast proteasomes into two electrophoretic
variants and have shown that these represent core particles capped with
one or two regulatory particles. To determine the subunit composition
of the regulatory particle, yeast proteasomes were purified and
analyzed by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis. Resolution of the individual polypeptides revealed 17 distinct proteins, whose identities were determined by amino acid
sequence analysis. Six of the subunits have sequence features of
ATPases (Rpt1 to Rpt6). Affinity chromatography was used to purify
regulatory particles from various strains, each of which
expressed one of the ATPases tagged with hexahistidine. In all cases,
multiple untagged ATPases copurified, indicating that the ATPases
assembled together into a heteromeric complex. Of the remaining 11 subunits that we have identified (Rpn1 to Rpn3 and Rpn5 to Rpn12), 8 are encoded by previously described genes and 3 are encoded by
genes not previously characterized for yeasts. One of the
previously unidentified subunits exhibits limited sequence
similarity with deubiquitinating enzymes. Overall, regulatory
particles from yeasts and mammals are remarkably similar,
suggesting that the specific mechanistic features of the proteasome
have been closely conserved over the course of evolution.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA
02115. Phone: (617) 432-3492. Fax: (617) 432-1144. E-mail:
finleydj{at}warren.med.harvard.edu.
Mol Cell Biol, June 1998, p. 3149-3162, Vol. 18, No. 6
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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