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Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 1998, p. 5073-5081, Vol. 18, No. 9
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
The C-Terminal Domain of c-fos Is
Required for Activation of an AP-1 Site Specific for
jun-fos Heterodimers
Kevin
McBride and
Mona
Nemer*
Laboratoire de Developpement et
Différenciation Cardiaques, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de
Montréal, and Département de Pharmacologie,
Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec,
Canada H2W 1R7
Received 21 April 1998/Returned for modification 28 May
1998/Accepted 3 June 1998
The proto-oncogenes jun and fos are members
of the AP-1 family of transcription factors, which activate
transcription of target genes via the tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate
response element (TRE). Both jun and fos
contain activation domains, but their relative contributions to
transcriptional activation of different TREs remain unclear.
It is not apparent whether the cellular availability of specific AP-1
members is the major determinant for regulation of TREs or
whether other factors including the TRE sequence itself contribute
to selectivity. We have identified in the promoter of the rat
atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) a novel AP-1 site which is unresponsive
to jun homodimers and is inducible only in the presence of
c-fos. This activation is potentiated by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. The jun proteins appear to be
required solely to tether c-fos to the promoter, and
c-fos mutants lacking putative activation domains abrogate
transactivation. Unexpectedly, the oncogenic form of c-fos
which diverges most significantly in the carboxy-terminal 50 amino
acids is unable to mediate transactivation at this specialized AP-1
site. Mutations within the C terminus of c-fos at
serine residues that are phosphorylation targets for growth
factors and MAP kinase completely abrogate transactivation and block
potentiation by MAP kinase. Using GAL4 fusions, we show that the
90-amino-acid C terminus of c-fos contains autonomous activation domains and that the serine residues are essential for full
activity. These results suggest that phosphorylation of
the C terminus of c-fos affects its transactivation
properties and provide evidence for novel regulatory mechanisms that
may contribute to biologic specificities of the AP-1 transcription complex.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de
développement et différenciation cardiaques, Institut de
recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 des Pins Ouest,
Montréal, QC, Canada H2W 1R7. Phone: (514) 987-5680. Fax: (514)
987-5575. E-mail: nemerm{at}ircm.umontreal.ca.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 1998, p. 5073-5081, Vol. 18, No. 9
0270-7306/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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