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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 1999, p. 6845-6857, Vol. 19, No. 10
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Controlled Dimerization of ErbB Receptors Provides
Evidence for Differential Signaling by Homo- and Heterodimers
Senthil K.
Muthuswamy,1
Michael
Gilman,2,
and
Joan S.
Brugge1,*
Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,1
and ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts
021392
Received 28 December 1998/Returned for modification 24 February
1999/Accepted 12 July 1999
The four members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases
are involved in a complex array of combinatorial interactions involving
homo- and heterodimers. Since most cell types express more than one
member of the ErbB family, it is difficult to distinguish the
biological activities of different homo- and heterodimers. Here we
describe a method for inducing homo- or heterodimerization of ErbB
receptors by using synthetic ligands without interference from the
endogenous receptors. ErbB receptor chimeras containing synthetic
ligand binding domains (FK506-binding protein [FKBP] or
FKBP-rapamycin-binding domain [FRB]) were homodimerized with the
bivalent FKBP ligand AP1510 and heterodimerized with the bifunctional FKBP-FRB ligand rapamycin. AP1510 treatment induced tyrosine
phosphorylation of ErbB1 and ErbB2 homodimers and recruitment of Src
homology 2 domain-containing proteins (Shc and Grb2). In addition,
ErbB1 and ErbB2 homodimers activated downstream signaling pathways
leading to Erk2 and Akt phosphorylation. However, only ErbB1 homodimers were internalized upon AP1510 stimulation, and only ErbB1 homodimers were able to associate with and induce phosphorylation of c-Cbl. Cells
expressing AP1510-induced ErbB1 homodimers were able to associate with
and induce phosphorylation of c-Cbl. Cells expressing AP1510-induced
ErbB1 homodimers were able to form foci; however, cells expressing
ErbB2 homodimers displayed a five- to sevenfold higher focus-forming
ability. Using rapamycin-inducible heterodimerization we show that
c-Cbl is unable to associate with ErbB1 in a ErbB1-ErbB2 heterodimer
most likely because ErbB2 is unable to phosphorylate the c-Cbl binding
site on ErbB1. Thus, we demonstrate that ErbB1 and ErbB2 homodimers
differ in their abilities to transform fibroblasts and provide evidence
for differential signaling by ErbB homodimers and heterodimers. These
observations also validate the use of synthetic ligands to study the
signaling and biological specificity of selected ErbB dimers in any
cell type.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA
02115. Phone: (617) 432-3974. Fax: (617) 432-3969. E-mail:
Joan_Brugge{at}hms.harvard.edu.

Present address: Biogen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA
02142.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 1999, p. 6845-6857, Vol. 19, No. 10
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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