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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 1999, p. 7061-7075, Vol. 19, No. 10
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Growth Retardation, DNA Repair Defects, and Lack of Spermatogenesis in BRCA1-Deficient Mice

Victoria L. Cressman,1 Dana C. Backlund,2 Anna V. Avrutskaya,3 Steven A. Leadon,3 Virginia Godfrey,4 and Beverly H. Koller2,*

Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology,1 Department of Medicine,2 Department of Pathology,4 and Department of Radiation Oncology,3 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599

Received 2 February 1999/Returned for modification 31 March 1999/Accepted 22 June 1999

BRCA1 is a nuclear phosphoprotein expressed in a broad spectrum of tissues during cell division. The inheritance of a mutant BRCA1 allele dramatically increases a woman's lifetime risk for developing both breast and ovarian cancers. A number of mouse lines carrying mutations in the Brca1 gene have been generated, and mice homozygous for these mutations generally die before day 10 of embryonic development. We report here the survival of a small number of mice homozygous for mutations in both the p53 and Brca1 genes. The survival of these mice is likely due to additional unknown mutations or epigenetic effects. Analysis of the Brca1-/- p53-/- animals indicates that BRCA1 is not required for the development of most organ systems. However, these mice are growth retarded, males are infertile due to meiotic failure, and the mammary gland of the female mouse is underdeveloped. Growth deficiency due to loss of BRCA1 was more thoroughly examined in an analysis of primary fibroblast lines obtained from these animals. Like p53-/- fibroblasts, Brca1-/- p53-/- cells proliferate more rapidly than wild-type cells; however, a high level of cellular death in these cultures results in reduced overall growth rates in comparison to p53-/- fibroblasts. Brca1-/- p53-/- fibroblasts are also defective in transcription-coupled repair and display increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. We show, however, that after continued culture, and perhaps accelerated by the loss of BRCA1 repair functions, populations of Brca1-/- p53-/- fibroblasts with increased growth rates can be isolated. The increased survival of BRCA1-deficient fibroblasts in the absence of p53, and with the subsequent accumulation of additional growth-promoting changes, may mimic the events that occur during malignant transformation of BRCA1-deficient epithelia.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 7007 Thurston-Bowles Bldg., CB#7248, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. Phone: (919) 962-2153. Fax: (919) 966-7524. E-mail: Treawouns{at}aol.com.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 1999, p. 7061-7075, Vol. 19, No. 10
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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