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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 1999, p. 7076-7087, Vol. 19, No. 10
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Net Repressor Is Regulated by Nuclear Export in Response to Anisomycin, UV, and Heat Shock

Catherine Ducret, Sauveur-Michel Maira,dagger Andrée Dierich, and Bohdan Wasylyk*

Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France

Received 29 March 1999/Returned for modification 3 May 1999/Accepted 10 June 1999

The ternary complex factors (TCFs) are targets for Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. They integrate the transcriptional response at the level of serum response elements in early-response genes, such as the c-fos proto-oncogene. An important aim is to understand the individual roles played by the three TCFs, Net, Elk1, and Sap1a. Net, in contrast to Elk1 and Sap1a, is a strong repressor of transcription. We now show that Net is regulated by nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling in response to specific signalling pathways. Net is mainly nuclear under both normal and basal serum conditions. Net contains two nuclear localization signals (NLSs); one is located in the Ets domain, and the other corresponds to the D box. Net also has a nuclear export signal (NES) in the conserved Ets DNA binding domain. Net is apparently unique among Ets proteins in that a particular leucine in helix 1, a structural element, generates a NES. Anisomycin, UV, and heat shock induce active nuclear exclusion of Net through a pathway that involves c-Jun N-terminal kinase kinase and is inhibited by leptomycin B. Nuclear exclusion relieves transcriptional repression by Net. The specific induction of nuclear exclusion of Net by particular signalling pathways shows that nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of transcription factors can add to the specificity of the response to signalling cascades.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France. Phone: 33 3 88 65 34 11. Fax: 33 3 88 65 32 01. E-mail: boh{at}igbmc.u-strasbg.fr.

dagger Present address: Friedrich Miescher Institute, CH 4058 Basel, Switzerland.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 1999, p. 7076-7087, Vol. 19, No. 10
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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