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Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 1999, p. 8033-8041, Vol. 19, No. 12
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Multiple Components of the HSP90 Chaperone Complex
Function in Regulation of Heat Shock Factor 1 In Vivo
Steven
Bharadwaj,
Adnan
Ali, and
Nick
Ovsenek*
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E5
Received 22 April 1999/Returned for modification 14 May
1999/Accepted 30 August 1999
Rapid and transient activation of heat shock genes in response to
stress is mediated in eukaryotes by the heat shock transcription factor
HSF1. It is well established that cells maintain a dynamic equilibrium
between inactive HSF1 monomers and transcriptionally active trimers,
but little is known about the mechanism linking HSF1 to reception of
various stress stimuli or the factors controlling oligomerization.
Recent reports have revealed that HSP90 regulates key steps in the HSF1
activation-deactivation process. Here, we tested the hypothesis that
components of the HSP90 chaperone machine, known to function in the
folding and maturation of steroid receptors, might also participate in
HSF1 regulation. Mobility supershift assays using antibodies against
chaperone components demonstrate that active HSF1 trimers exist in a
heterocomplex with HSP90, p23, and FKBP52. Functional in vivo
experiments in Xenopus oocytes indicate that components of
the HSF1 heterocomplex, as well as other components of the HSP90
cochaperone machine, are involved in regulating oligomeric transitions.
Elevation of the cellular levels of cochaperones affected the time of
HSF1 deactivation during recovery: attenuation was delayed by
immunophilins, and accelerated by HSP90, Hsp/c70, Hip, or Hop. In
immunotargeting experiments with microinjected antibodies, disruption
of HSP90, Hip, Hop, p23, FKBP51, and FKBP52 delayed attenuation. In
addition, HSF1 was activated under nonstress conditions after
immunotargeting of HSP90 and p23, evidence that these proteins
remain associated with HSF1 monomers and function in their repression
in vivo. The remarkable similarity of HSF1 complex chaperones
identified here (HSP90, p23, and FKBP52) and components in mature
steroid receptor complexes suggests that HSF1 oligomerization is
regulated by a foldosome-type mechanism similar to steroid receptor
pathways. The current evidence leads us to propose a model in which
HSF1, HSP90 and p23 comprise a core heterocomplex required for rapid conformational switching through interaction with a dynamic series of
HSP90 subcomplexes.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of
Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5. Phone:
(306) 966-4069. Fax: (306) 966-4298. E-mail:
ovsenekn{at}duke.usask.ca.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 1999, p. 8033-8041, Vol. 19, No. 12
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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