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Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 1999, p. 1202-1209, Vol. 19, No. 2
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

p53 Sites Acetylated In Vitro by PCAF and p300 Are Acetylated In Vivo in Response to DNA Damage

Lin Liu, Daniel M. Scolnick, Raymond C. Trievel, Hong Bing Zhang, Ronen Marmorstein, Thanos D. Halazonetis,* and Shelley L. Berger*

The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

Received 18 August 1998/Returned for modification 2 October 1998/Accepted 4 November 1998

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a sequence-specific transcription factor that modulates the response of cells to DNA damage. Recent studies suggest that full transcriptional activity of p53 requires the coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300 and PCAF. These coactivators interact with each other, and both possess intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity. Furthermore, p300 acetylates p53 to activate its sequence-specific DNA binding activity in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that PCAF also acetylates p53 in vitro at a lysine residue distinct from that acetylated by p300 and thereby increases p53's ability to bind to its cognate DNA site. We have generated antibodies to acetylated p53 peptides at either of the two lysine residues that are targeted by PCAF or p300 and have demonstrated that these antibodies are highly specific for both acetylation and the particular site. Using these antibodies, we detect acetylation of these sites in vivo, and interestingly, acetylation at both sites increases in response to DNA-damaging agents. These data indicate that site-specific acetylation of p53 increases under physiological conditions that activate p53 and identify CBP/p300 and PCAF as the probable enzymes that modify p53 in vivo.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Shelley L. Berger: The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215) 898-3922. Fax: (215) 898-0663. E-mail: berger{at}wista.wistar.upenn.edu. Mailing address for Thomas D. Halazonetis: The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215) 898-3978. Fax: (215) 898-3868. E-mail: halazonetis{at}wista.wistar.upenn.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 1999, p. 1202-1209, Vol. 19, No. 2
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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