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Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 1999, p. 2032-2043, Vol. 19, No. 3
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Activates Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells in Human Endothelial Cells: a Role for Tissue Factor Gene Expression

Angel Luis Armesilla,1,2 Elisa Lorenzo,1 Pablo Gómez del Arco,1 Sara Martínez-Martínez,1 Arantzazu Alfranca,2 and Juan Miguel Redondo1,*

Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049,1 and Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid 28006,2 Spain

Received 25 June 1998/Returned for modification 11 September 1998/Accepted 12 November 1998

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic inducer that stimulates the expression of tissue factor (TF), the major cellular initiator of blood coagulation. Here we show that signaling triggered by VEGF induced DNA-binding and transcriptional activities of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and AP-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). VEGF also induced TF mRNA expression and gene promoter activation by a cyclosporin A (CsA)-sensitive mechanism. As in lymphoid cells, NFAT was dephosphorylated and translocated to the nucleus upon activation of HUVECs, and these processes were blocked by CsA. NFAT was involved in the VEGF-mediated TF promoter activation as evidenced by cotransfection experiments with a dominant negative version of NFAT and site-directed mutagenesis of a newly identified NFAT site within the TF promoter that overlaps with a previously identified kappa B-like site. Strikingly, this site bound exclusively NFAT not only from nuclear extracts of HUVECs activated by VEGF, a stimulus that failed to induce NF-kappa B-binding activity, but also from extracts of cells activated with phorbol esters and calcium ionophore, a combination of stimuli that triggered the simultaneous activation of NFAT and NF-kappa B. These results implicate NFAT in the regulation of endothelial genes by physiological means and shed light on the mechanisms that switch on the gene expression program induced by VEGF and those regulating TF gene expression.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain. Phone: 34-91-397-4252. Fax: 34-91-397-4799. E-mail: jmredondo{at}cbm.uam.es.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 1999, p. 2032-2043, Vol. 19, No. 3
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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