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Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 1999, p. 2130-2141, Vol. 19, No. 3
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The General Transcription Factors IIA, IIB, IIF, and IIE Are Required for RNA Polymerase II Transcription from the Human U1 Small Nuclear RNA Promoter

T. C. Kuhlman,1,2 H. Cho,3 D. Reinberg,3 and N. Hernandez2,4,*

Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 117941; Howard Hughes Medical Institute,4 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,2 Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 088543

Received 6 November 1998/Returned for modification 3 December 1998/Accepted 14 December 1998

RNA polymerase II transcribes the mRNA-encoding genes and the majority of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. The formation of a minimal functional transcription initiation complex on a TATA-box-containing mRNA promoter has been well characterized and involves the ordered assembly of a number of general transcription factors (GTFs), all of which have been either cloned or purified to near homogeneity. In the human RNA polymerase II snRNA promoters, a single element, the proximal sequence element (PSE), is sufficient to direct basal levels of transcription in vitro. The PSE is recognized by the basal transcription complex SNAPc. SNAPc, which is not required for transcription from mRNA-type RNA polymerase II promoters such as the adenovirus type 2 major late (Ad2ML) promoter, is thought to recruit TATA binding protein (TBP) and nucleate the assembly of the snRNA transcription initiation complex, but little is known about which GTFs other than TBP are required. Here we show that the GTFs IIA, IIB, IIF, and IIE are required for efficient RNA polymerase II transcription from snRNA promoters. Thus, although the factors that recognize the core elements of RNA polymerase II mRNA and snRNA-type promoters differ, they mediate the recruitment of many common GTFs.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724. Phone: (516) 367-8421. Fax: (516) 367-6801. E-mail: hernande{at}cshl.org.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 1999, p. 2130-2141, Vol. 19, No. 3
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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