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Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 1999, p. 2773-2781, Vol. 19, No. 4
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Regulation of V(D)J Recombination by Transcriptional Promoters

Michael L. Sikes, Cristina C. Suarez, and Eugene M. Oltz*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232

Received 26 October 1998/Returned for modification 4 December 1998/Accepted 17 December 1998

Enhancer elements potentiate the rearrangement of antigen receptor loci via changes in the accessibility of gene segment clusters to V(D)J recombinase. Here, we show that enhancer activity per se is insufficient to target T-cell receptor beta  miniloci for Dbeta Jbeta recombination. Instead, a promoter situated 5' to Dbeta 1 (PDbeta ) was required for efficient rearrangement of chromosomal substrates. A critical function for promoters in regulating gene segment accessibility was further supported by the ability of heterologous promoters to direct rearrangement of enhancer-containing substrates. Importantly, activation of a synthetic tetracycline-inducible promoter (Ptet) positioned upstream from the Dbeta gene segment was sufficient to target recombination of miniloci lacking a distal enhancer element. The latter result suggests that DNA loops, generated by interactions between flanking promoter and enhancer elements, are not required for efficient recognition of chromosomal gene segments by V(D)J recombinase. Unexpectedly, the Ptet substrate exhibited normal levels of rearrangement despite its retention of a hypermethylated DNA status within the Dbeta Jbeta cluster. Together, our findings support a model in which promoter activation, rather than intrinsic properties of enhancers, is the primary determinant for regulating recombinational accessibility within antigen receptor loci.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, 1161 21st Ave., S. A4203 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232. Phone: (615) 343-3011. Fax: (615) 343-3318. E-mail: oltzem{at}ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 1999, p. 2773-2781, Vol. 19, No. 4
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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