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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 1999, p. 3372-3382, Vol. 19, No. 5
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) Agonist-Induced Activation of Dominant-Negative RXR-Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha 403 Heterodimers Is Developmentally Regulated during Myeloid Differentiation

Barton S. Johnson,1 Roshantha A. S. Chandraratna,2,3 Richard A. Heyman,4 Elizabeth A. Allegretto,4 LeMoyne Mueller,5 and Steven J. Collins5,*

Division of Hospital Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 981951; Retinoid Research, Departments of Biology2 and Chemistry,3 Allergan Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, California 92715; Department of Retinoid Research, Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California 921214; and Division of Molecular Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 981095

Received 31 August 1998/Returned for modification 20 November 1998/Accepted 25 January 1999

The multiple biologic activities of retinoic acid (RA) are mediated through RAR and retinoid X receptor (RXR) nuclear receptors that interact with specific DNA target sequences as heterodimers (RXR-RAR) or homodimers (RXR-RXR). RA receptor activation appears critical to regulating important aspects of hematopoiesis, since transducing a COOH-terminally truncated RARalpha exhibiting dominant-negative activity (RARalpha 403) into normal mouse bone marrow generates hematopoietic growth factor-dependent cell lines frozen at the multipotent progenitor (EML) or committed promyelocyte (MPRO) stages. Nevertheless, relatively high, pharmacological concentrations of RA (1 to 10 µM) overcome these differentiation blocks and induce terminal granulocytic differentiation of the MPRO promyelocytes while potentiating interleukin-3 (IL-3)-induced commitment of EML cells to the granulocyte/monocyte lineage. In the present study, we utilized RXR- and RAR-specific agonists and antagonists to determine how RA overcomes the dominant-negative activity of the truncated RARalpha in these different myeloid developmental stages. Unexpectedly, we observed that an RXR-specific, rather than an RAR-specific, agonist induces terminal granulocytic differentiation of MPRO promyelocytes, and this differentiation is associated with activation of DNA response elements corresponding to RAR-RXR heterodimers rather than RXR-RXR homodimers. This RXR agonist activity is blocked by RAR-specific antagonists, suggesting extensive cross-talk between the partners of the RXR-RARalpha 403 heterodimer. In contrast, in the more immature, multipotent EML cells we observed that this RXR-specific agonist is inactive either in potentiating IL-3-mediated commitment of EML cells to the granulocyte lineage or in transactivating RAR-RXR response elements. RA-triggered GALdbd-RARalpha hybrid activity in these cells indicates that the multipotent EML cells harbor substantial nuclear hormone receptor coactivator activity. However, the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A readily activates an RXR-RAR reporter construct in the multipotent EML cells but not in the committed MPRO promyelocytes, indicating that differences in HDAC-containing repressor complexes in these two closely related but distinct hematopoietic lineages might account for the differential activation of the RXR-RARalpha 403 heterodimers that we observed at these different stages of myeloid development.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Molecular Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave., North, Seattle, WA 98109. Phone: (206) 667-4389. Fax: (206) 667-6523. E-mail: scollins{at}fhcrc.org.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 1999, p. 3372-3382, Vol. 19, No. 5
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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