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Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 1999, p. 4343-4354, Vol. 19, No. 6
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

timrit Lengthens Circadian Period in a Temperature-Dependent Manner through Suppression of PERIOD Protein Cycling and Nuclear Localization

Akira Matsumoto,1 Kenji Tomioka,2 Yoshihiko Chiba,2,dagger and Teiichi Tanimura1,*

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka 810-8560,1 and Department of Physics, Biology and Informatics, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512,2 Japan

Received 19 October 1998/Returned for modification 8 December 1998/Accepted 8 February 1999

A fundamental feature of circadian clocks is temperature compensation of period. The free-running period of ritsu (timrit) (a novel allele of timeless [tim]) mutants is drastically lengthened in a temperature-dependent manner. PER and TIM protein levels become lower in timrit mutants as temperature becomes higher. This mutation reduces per mRNA but not tim mRNA abundance. PER constitutively driven by the rhodopsin1 promoter is lowered in rit mutants, indicating that timrit mainly affects the per feedback loop at a posttranscriptional level. An excess of per+ gene dosage can ameliorate all rit phenotypes, including the weak nuclear localization of PER, suggesting that timrit affects circadian rhythms by reducing PER abundance and its subsequent transportation into nuclei as temperature increases.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka 810-8560, Japan. Phone: 81-92-726-4759. Fax: 81-92-726-4644. E-mail: tanimura{at}rc.kyushu-u.ac.jp.

dagger Present address: 233-3, Miyanoshita, Yamaguchi 753-0011, Japan.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 1999, p. 4343-4354, Vol. 19, No. 6
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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