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Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 1999, p. 4343-4354, Vol. 19, No. 6
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
timrit Lengthens Circadian
Period in a Temperature-Dependent Manner through Suppression of PERIOD
Protein Cycling and Nuclear Localization
Akira
Matsumoto,1
Kenji
Tomioka,2
Yoshihiko
Chiba,2,
and
Teiichi
Tanimura1,*
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka
810-8560,1 and Department of Physics,
Biology and Informatics, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University,
Yamaguchi 753-8512,2 Japan
Received 19 October 1998/Returned for modification 8 December
1998/Accepted 8 February 1999
A fundamental feature of circadian clocks is temperature
compensation of period. The free-running period of ritsu
(timrit) (a novel allele of
timeless [tim]) mutants is drastically
lengthened in a temperature-dependent manner. PER and TIM protein
levels become lower in timrit mutants as
temperature becomes higher. This mutation reduces per mRNA
but not tim mRNA abundance. PER constitutively driven by
the rhodopsin1 promoter is lowered in rit
mutants, indicating that timrit mainly affects
the per feedback loop at a posttranscriptional level. An
excess of per+ gene dosage can ameliorate all
rit phenotypes, including the weak nuclear localization of
PER, suggesting that timrit affects circadian
rhythms by reducing PER abundance and its subsequent transportation
into nuclei as temperature increases.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka 810-8560, Japan. Phone: 81-92-726-4759. Fax: 81-92-726-4644. E-mail: tanimura{at}rc.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
Present address: 233-3, Miyanoshita, Yamaguchi 753-0011, Japan.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 1999, p. 4343-4354, Vol. 19, No. 6
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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