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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 1999, p. 4643-4652, Vol. 19, No. 7
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Mutant Cells That Do Not Respond to Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Reveal a Novel Role for IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase

Xiaoxia Li,1 Mairead Commane,1 Carmel Burns,1 Kalpa Vithalani,1 Zhaodan Cao,2 and George R. Stark1,*

Department of Molecular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195,1 and Tularik, Incorporated, South San Francisco, California 940802

Received 25 November 1998/Returned for modification 28 January 1999/Accepted 22 March 1999

Mutagenized human 293 cells containing an interleukin-1 (IL-1)-regulated herpes thymidine kinase gene, selected in IL-1 and gancyclovir, have yielded many independent clones that are unresponsive to IL-1. The four clones analyzed here carry recessive mutations and represent three complementation groups. Mutant A in complementation group I1 lacks IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), while the mutants in the other two groups are defective in unknown components that function upstream of IRAK. Expression of exogenous IRAK in I1A cells (I1A-IRAK) restores their responsiveness to IL-1. Neither NFkappa B nor Jun kinase is activated in IL-1-treated I1A cells, but these responses are restored in I1A-IRAK cells, indicating that IRAK is required for both. To address the role of the kinase activity of IRAK in IL-1 signaling, its ATP binding site was mutated (K239A), completely abolishing kinase activity. In transfected I1A cells, IRAK-K239A was still phosphorylated upon IL-1 stimulation and, surprisingly, still complemented all the defects in the mutant cells. Therefore, IRAK must be phosphorylated by a different kinase, and phospho-IRAK must play a role in IL-1-mediated signaling that does not require its kinase activity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195. Phone: (216) 444-3900. Fax: (216) 444-3279. E-mail address: starkg{at}cesmtp.ccf.org.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 1999, p. 4643-4652, Vol. 19, No. 7
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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