This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Erhardt, P.
Right arrow Articles by Cooper, G. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Erhardt, P.
Right arrow Articles by Cooper, G. M.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 1999, p. 5308-5315, Vol. 19, No. 8
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

B-Raf Inhibits Programmed Cell Death Downstream of Cytochrome c Release from Mitochondria by Activating the MEK/Erk Pathway

Peter Erhardt, Erin J. Schremser, and Geoffrey M. Cooper*

Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

Received 11 November 1998/Returned for modification 19 January 1999/Accepted 4 May 1999

Growth factor-dependent kinases, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and Raf kinases, have been implicated in the suppression of apoptosis. We have recently established Rat-1 fibroblast cell lines overexpressing B-Raf, leading to activation of the MEK/Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Overexpression of B-Raf confers resistance to apoptosis induced by growth factor withdrawal or PI 3-kinase inhibition. This is accompanied by constitutive activation of Erk without effects on the PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway. The activity of MEK is essential for cell survival mediated by B-Raf overexpression, since either treatment with the specific MEK inhibitor PD98059 or expression of a dominant inhibitory MEK mutant blocks the antiapoptotic activity of B-Raf. Activation of MEK is not only necessary but also sufficient for cell survival because overexpression of constitutively activated MEK, Ras, or Raf-1, like B-Raf, prevents apoptosis after growth factor deprivation. Overexpression of B-Raf did not interfere with the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria after growth factor deprivation. However, the addition of cytochrome c to cytosols of cells overexpressing B-Raf failed to induce caspase activation. It thus appears that the B-Raf/MEK/Erk pathway confers protection against apoptosis at the level of cytosolic caspase activation, downstream of the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington St., Boston, MA 02215. Phone: (617) 353-8735. Fax: (617) 353-8484. E-mail: gmcooper{at}bu.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 1999, p. 5308-5315, Vol. 19, No. 8
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Sun, L., Xie, P., Wada, J., Kashihara, N., Liu, F.-y., Zhao, Y., Kumar, D., Chugh, S. S., Danesh, F. R., Kanwar, Y. S. (2008). Rap1b GTPase Ameliorates Glucose-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 19: 2293-2301 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, M-Y., Yip, J., Hsin, M. K. Y., Mok, T. S. K., Wu, Y., Underwood, M. J., Chen, G. G. (2008). Haem oxygenase-1 plays a central role in NNK-mediated lung carcinogenesis. Eur Respir J 32: 911-923 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McKay, M. M., Morrison, D. K. (2007). Caspase-dependent Cleavage Disrupts the ERK Cascade Scaffolding Function of KSR1. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 26225-26234 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mhaidat, N. M., Zhang, X. D., Jiang, C. C., Hersey, P. (2007). Docetaxel-Induced Apoptosis of Human Melanoma Is Mediated by Activation of c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase and Inhibited by the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway. Clin. Cancer Res. 13: 1308-1314 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nickson, P., Toth, A., Erhardt, P. (2007). PUMA is critical for neonatal cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cardiovasc Res 73: 48-56 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Das, A., Smolenski, A., Lohmann, S. M., Kukreja, R. C. (2006). Cyclic GMP-dependent Protein Kinase I{alpha} Attenuates Necrosis and Apoptosis Following Ischemia/Reoxygenation in Adult Cardiomyocyte. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 38644-38652 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Verhaegen, M., Bauer, J. A., Martin de la Vega, C., Wang, G., Wolter, K. G., Brenner, J. C., Nikolovska-Coleska, Z., Bengtson, A., Nair, R., Elder, J. T., Van Brocklin, M., Carey, T. E., Bradford, C. R., Wang, S., Soengas, M. S. (2006). A Novel BH3 Mimetic Reveals a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Mechanism of Melanoma Cell Death Controlled by p53 and Reactive Oxygen Species. Cancer Res. 66: 11348-11359 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sastry, K. S. R., Karpova, Y., Kulik, G. (2006). Epidermal Growth Factor Protects Prostate Cancer Cells from Apoptosis by Inducing BAD Phosphorylation via Redundant Signaling Pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 27367-27377 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Toth, A., Jeffers, J. R., Nickson, P., Min, J.-Y., Morgan, J. P., Zambetti, G. P., Erhardt, P. (2006). Targeted deletion of Puma attenuates cardiomyocyte death and improves cardiac function during ischemia-reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 291: H52-H60 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Toth, A., Nickson, P., Qin, L. L., Erhardt, P. (2006). Differential Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Survival and Hypertrophy by MDM2, an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 3679-3689 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Panka, D. J., Wang, W., Atkins, M. B., Mier, J. W. (2006). The Raf Inhibitor BAY 43-9006 (Sorafenib) Induces Caspase-Independent Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells. Cancer Res. 66: 1611-1619 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brywe, K. G., Leverin, A.-L., Gustavsson, M., Mallard, C., Granata, R., Destefanis, S., Volante, M., Hagberg, H., Ghigo, E., Isgaard, J. (2005). Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide Hexarelin Reduces Neonatal Brain Injury and Alters Akt/Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3{beta} Phosphorylation. Endocrinology 146: 4665-4672 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mehta, V. B., Besner, G. E. (2005). Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Growth Factor Inhibits Cytokine-Induced NF-{kappa}B Activation and Nitric Oxide Production via Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway. J. Immunol. 175: 1911-1918 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jin, S., Zhuo, Y., Guo, W., Field, J. (2005). p21-activated Kinase 1 (Pak1)-dependent Phosphorylation of Raf-1 Regulates Its Mitochondrial Localization, Phosphorylation of BAD, and Bcl-2 Association. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 24698-24705 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dai, Y., Rahmani, M., Pei, X.-Y., Khanna, P., Han, S. I., Mitchell, C., Dent, P., Grant, S. (2005). Farnesyltransferase inhibitors interact synergistically with the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 to induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells through interruption of both Akt and MEK/ERK pathways and activation of SEK1/JNK. Blood 105: 1706-1716 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sun, Y., Sinicrope, F. A. (2005). Selective inhibitors of MEK1/ERK44/42 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases potentiate apoptosis induction by sulindac sulfide in human colon carcinoma cells. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 4: 51-59 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • He, Y.-Y., Huang, J.-L., Chignell, C. F. (2004). Delayed and Sustained Activation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase in Human Keratinocytes by UVA: IMPLICATIONS IN CARCINOGENESIS. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 53867-53874 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Parikh, N., Sade, H., Kurian, L., Sarin, A. (2004). The Bax N Terminus Is Required for Negative Regulation by the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase and Akt Signaling Pathways in T Cells. J. Immunol. 173: 6220-6227 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tsukamoto, H., Irie, A., Nishimura, Y. (2004). B-Raf Contributes to Sustained Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Activation Associated with Interleukin-2 Production Stimulated through the T Cell Receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 48457-48465 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gardai, S. J., Whitlock, B. B., Xiao, Y. Q., Bratton, D. B., Henson, P. M. (2004). Oxidants Inhibit ERK/MAPK and Prevent Its Ability to Delay Neutrophil Apoptosis Downstream of Mitochondrial Changes and at the Level of XIAP. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 44695-44703 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Baker, K, Zhang, Y, Jin, C, Jass, J R (2004). Proximal versus distal hyperplastic polyps of the colorectum: different lesions or a biological spectrum?. J. Clin. Pathol. 57: 1089-1093 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cheung, E. C. C., Slack, R. S. (2004). Emerging Role for ERK as a Key Regulator of Neuronal Apoptosis. Sci Signal 2004: pe45-pe45 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Flaherty, D. M., Hinde, S. L., Monick, M. M., Powers, L. S., Bradford, M. A., Yarovinsky, T., Hunninghake, G. W. (2004). Adenovirus vectors activate survival pathways in lung epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 287: L393-L401 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hausenloy, D. J, Mocanu, M. M, Yellon, D. M (2004). Cross-talk between the survival kinases during early reperfusion: its contribution to ischemic preconditioning. Cardiovasc Res 63: 305-312 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Murayama, Y., Miyagawa, J.-i., Oritani, K., Yoshida, H., Yamamoto, K., Kishida, O., Miyazaki, T., Tsutsui, S., Kiyohara, T., Miyazaki, Y., Higashiyama, S., Matsuzawa, Y., Shinomura, Y. (2004). CD9-mediated activation of the p46 Shc isoform leads to apoptosis in cancer cells. J. Cell Sci. 117: 3379-3388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Higuchi, T, Jass, J R (2004). My approach to serrated polyps of the colorectum. J. Clin. Pathol. 57: 682-686 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schulze, A., Nicke, B., Warne, P. H., Tomlinson, S., Downward, J. (2004). The Transcriptional Response to Raf Activation Is Almost Completely Dependent on Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Activity and Shows a Major Autocrine Component. Mol. Biol. Cell 15: 3450-3463 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hausenloy, D. J, Yellon, D. M (2004). New directions for protecting the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury: targeting the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK)-pathway. Cardiovasc Res 61: 448-460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, L., Ren, C. H., Tahir, S. A., Ren, C., Thompson, T. C. (2003). Caveolin-1 Maintains Activated Akt in Prostate Cancer Cells through Scaffolding Domain Binding Site Interactions with and Inhibition of Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23: 9389-9404 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pardo, O. E., Lesay, A., Arcaro, A., Lopes, R., Ng, B. L., Warne, P. H., McNeish, I. A., Tetley, T. D., Lemoine, N. R., Mehmet, H., Seckl, M. J., Downward, J. (2003). Fibroblast Growth Factor 2-Mediated Translational Control of IAPs Blocks Mitochondrial Release of Smac/DIABLO and Apoptosis in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23: 7600-7610 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sorensen, B. B., Rao, L. V. M., Tornehave, D., Gammeltoft, S., Petersen, L. C. (2003). Antiapoptotic effect of coagulation factor VIIa. Blood 102: 1708-1715 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xu, X., Quiros, R. M., Gattuso, P., Ain, K. B., Prinz, R. A. (2003). High Prevalence of BRAF Gene Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas and Thyroid Tumor Cell Lines. Cancer Res. 63: 4561-4567 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yaglom, J., O'Callaghan-Sunol, C., Gabai, V., Sherman, M. Y. (2003). Inactivation of Dual-Specificity Phosphatases Is Involved in the Regulation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases by Heat Shock and Hsp72. Mol. Cell. Biol. 23: 3813-3824 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Furukawa, T., Sunamura, M., Motoi, F., Matsuno, S., Horii, A. (2003). Potential Tumor Suppressive Pathway Involving DUSP6/MKP-3 in Pancreatic Cancer. Am. J. Pathol. 162: 1807-1815 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ostrovsky, O., Bengal, E. (2003). The Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascade Promotes Myoblast Cell Survival by Stabilizing the Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor, p21WAF1 Protein. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 21221-21231 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tsutsumi, S., Hogan, V., Nabi, I. R., Raz, A. (2003). Overexpression of the Autocrine Motility Factor/Phosphoglucose Isomerase Induces Transformation and Survival of NIH-3T3 Fibroblasts. Cancer Res. 63: 242-249 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Martin, A. G., Fearnhead, H. O. (2002). Apocytochrome c Blocks Caspase-9 Activation and Bax-induced Apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 50834-50841 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Quinn, J. C., Johnson-Farley, N. N., Yoon, J., Cowen, D. S. (2002). Activation of Extracellular-Regulated Kinase by 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A Receptors in PC12 Cells is Protein Kinase C-Independent and Requires Calmodulin and Tyrosine Kinases. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 303: 746-752 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Boldt, S., Weidle, U. H., Kolch, W. (2002). The role of MAPK pathways in the action of chemotherapeutic drugs. Carcinogenesis 23: 1831-1838 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nowak, G. (2002). Protein Kinase C-alpha and ERK1/2 Mediate Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Decreases in Active Na+ Transport, and Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis in Renal Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 43377-43388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Grana, T. M., Rusyn, E. V., Zhou, H., Sartor, C. I., Cox, A. D. (2002). Ras Mediates Radioresistance through Both Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-dependent and Raf-dependent but Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Kinase-independent Signaling Pathways. Cancer Res. 62: 4142-4150 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gu, J., Fujibayashi, A., Yamada, K. M., Sekiguchi, K. (2002). Laminin-10/11 and Fibronectin Differentially Prevent Apoptosis Induced by Serum Removal via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt- and MEK1/ERK-dependent Pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 19922-19928 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Milella, M., Estrov, Z., Kornblau, S. M., Carter, B. Z., Konopleva, M., Tari, A., Schober, W. D., Harris, D., Leysath, C. E., Lopez-Berestein, G., Huang, Z., Andreeff, M. (2002). Synergistic induction of apoptosis by simultaneous disruption of the Bcl-2 and MEK/MAPK pathways in acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 99: 3461-3464 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hindley, A., Kolch, W. (2002). Extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-independent functions of Raf kinases. J. Cell Sci. 115: 1575-1581 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tsuruta, F., Masuyama, N., Gotoh, Y. (2002). The Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-Akt Pathway Suppresses Bax Translocation to Mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 14040-14047 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yu, X., Guo, Z. S., Marcu, M. G., Neckers, L., Nguyen, D. M., Chen, G. A., Schrump, D. S. (2002). Modulation of p53, ErbB1, ErbB2, and Raf-1 Expression in Lung Cancer Cells by Depsipeptide FR901228. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 94: 504-513 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gabai, V. L., Sherman, M. Y. (2002). Molecular Biology of Thermoregulation: Invited Review: Interplay between molecular chaperones and signaling pathways in survival of heat shock. J. Appl. Physiol. 92: 1743-1748 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lu, L., Holmqvist, K., Cross, M., Welsh, M. (2002). Role of the Src Homology 2 Domain-containing Protein Shb in Murine Brain Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Cell Growth Differ. 13: 141-148 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Perkins, D., Pereira, E. F. R., Gober, M., Yarowsky, P. J., Aurelian, L. (2002). The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 R1 Protein Kinase (ICP10 PK) Blocks Apoptosis in Hippocampal Neurons, Involving Activation of the MEK/MAPK Survival Pathway. J. Virol. 76: 1435-1449 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Carson, J. P., Behnam, M., Sutton, J. N., Du, C., Wang, X., Hunt, D. F., Weber, M. J., Kulik, G. (2002). Smac Is Required for Cytochrome c-induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells. Cancer Res. 62: 18-23 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yan, F., John, S. K., Polk, D. B. (2001). Kinase Suppressor of Ras Determines Survival of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Exposed to Tumor Necrosis Factor. Cancer Res. 61: 8668-8675 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xiao, R.-P. (2001). {beta}-Adrenergic Signaling in the Heart: Dual Coupling of the {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor to Gs and Gi Proteins. Sci Signal 2001: re15-re15 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Qiao, L., Studer, E., Leach, K., McKinstry, R., Gupta, S., Decker, R., Kukreja, R., Valerie, K., Nagarkatti, P., Deiry, W. E., Molkentin, J., Schmidt-Ullrich, R., Fisher, P. B., Grant, S., Hylemon, P. B., Dent, P. (2001). Deoxycholic Acid (DCA) Causes Ligand-independent Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and FAS Receptor in Primary Hepatocytes: Inhibition of EGFR/Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-Signaling Module Enhances DCA-induced Apoptosis. Mol. Biol. Cell 12: 2629-2645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hsu, E. H., Lochan, A. C., Cowen, D. S. (2001). Activation of Akt1 by Human 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin)1B Receptors Is Sensitive to Inhibitors of MEK. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 298: 825-832 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ballif, B. A., Blenis, J. (2001). Molecular Mechanisms Mediating Mammalian Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Kinase (MEK)-MAPK Cell Survival Signals. Cell Growth Differ. 12: 397-408 [Full Text]  
  • Chen, J., Fujii, K., Zhang, L., Roberts, T., Fu, H. (2001). Raf-1 promotes cell survival by antagonizing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 through a MEK-ERK independent mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 10.1073/pnas.141224398v1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schulze, A., Lehmann, K., Jefferies, H. B.J., McMahon, M., Downward, J. (2001). Analysis of the transcriptional program induced by Raf in epithelial cells. Genes Dev. 15: 981-994 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • von Gise, A., Lorenz, P., Wellbrock, C., Hemmings, B., Berberich-Siebelt, F., Rapp, U. R., Troppmair, J. (2001). Apoptosis Suppression by Raf-1 and MEK1 Requires MEK- and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Dependent Signals. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 2324-2336 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hansen, M. R., Zha, X.-M., Bok, J., Green, S. H. (2001). Multiple Distinct Signal Pathways, Including an Autocrine Neurotrophic Mechanism, Contribute to the Survival-Promoting Effect of Depolarization on Spiral Ganglion Neurons In Vitro. J. Neurosci. 21: 2256-2267 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Whitlock, B. B., Gardai, S., Fadok, V., Bratton, D., Henson, P. M. (2000). Differential Roles for {alpha}M{beta}2 Integrin Clustering or Activation in the Control of Apoptosis via Regulation of Akt and ERK Survival Mechanisms. JCB 151: 1305-1320 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chesley, A., Lundberg, M. S., Asai, T., Xiao, R.-P., Ohtani, S., Lakatta, E. G., Crow, M. T. (2000). The {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor Delivers an Antiapoptotic Signal to Cardiac Myocytes Through Gi-Dependent Coupling to Phosphatidylinositol 3'-Kinase. Circ. Res. 87: 1172-1179 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhou, H., Li, X.-M., Meinkoth, J., Pittman, R. N. (2000). Akt Regulates Cell Survival and Apoptosis at a Postmitochondrial Level. JCB 151: 483-494 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nagahara, Y., Ikekita, M., Shinomiya, T. (2000). Immunosuppressant FTY720 Induces Apoptosis by Direct Induction of Permeability Transition and Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria. J. Immunol. 165: 3250-3259 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, J., Yang, S., Billiar, T. R. (2000). Cyclic Nucleotides Suppress Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha -Mediated Apoptosis by Inhibiting Caspase Activation and Cytochrome c Release in Primary Hepatocytes via a Mechanism Independent of Akt Activation. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 13026-13034 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Le Gall, M., Chambard, J.-C., Breittmayer, J.-P., Grall, D., Pouysségur, J., Van Obberghen-Schilling, E. (2000). The p42/p44 MAP Kinase Pathway Prevents Apoptosis Induced by Anchorage and Serum Removal. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 1103-1112 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Depre, C., Taegtmeyer, H. (2000). Metabolic aspects of programmed cell survival and cell death in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 45: 538-548 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rossig, L., Haendeler, J., Hermann, C., Malchow, P., Urbich, C., Zeiher, A. M., Dimmeler, S. (2000). Nitric Oxide Down-regulates MKP-3 mRNA Levels. INVOLVEMENT IN ENDOTHELIAL CELL PROTECTION FROM APOPTOSIS. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 25502-25507 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McGuire, T. F., Trump, D. L., Johnson, C. S. (2001). Vitamin D3-induced Apoptosis of Murine Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. SELECTIVE INDUCTION OF CASPASE-DEPENDENT MEK CLEAVAGE AND UP-REGULATION OF MEKK-1. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 26365-26373 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chen, J., Fujii, K., Zhang, L., Roberts, T., Fu, H. (2001). Raf-1 promotes cell survival by antagonizing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 through a MEK-ERK independent mechanism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 7783-7788 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tashker, J. S., Olson, M., Kornbluth, S. (2002). Post-Cytochrome c Protection from Apoptosis Conferred by a MAPK Pathway in Xenopus Egg Extracts. Mol. Biol. Cell 13: 393-401 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»