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Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 1999, p. 6195-6206, Vol. 19, No. 9
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Antiapoptotic Gene mcl-1 Is Up-Regulated by the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway through a Transcription Factor Complex Containing CREB

Ju-Ming Wang,1,2 Jyh-Rong Chao,2,3 Wannhsin Chen,1,4 Min-Liang Kuo,3 Jeffrey J.-Y. Yen,1,4 and Hsin-Fang Yang-Yen1,2,*

Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical School,1 Institute of Molecular Biology2 and Institute of Biomedical Sciences,4 Academia Sinica, and Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University Medical School,3 Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

Received 16 February 1999/Returned for modification 30 March 1999/Accepted 21 June 1999

mcl-1 is an immediate-early gene activated by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) signaling pathways and plays an important role in the viability response of these cytokines. In this study, we demonstrated that cytokine stimulation of mcl-1 mRNA and protein expression were attenuated by pretreatment of cells with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) inhibitors. Reporter gene assays further showed that the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in IL-3 activation of mcl-1 gene transcription. Analysis of the mcl-1 promoter revealed that both promoter elements, SIE at position -87 and CRE-2 at -70, contribute to IL-3 stimulation of mcl-1 gene expression. Although either the SIE site or the CRE-2 site alone was sufficient to confer IL-3 inducibility on a heterologous promoter, only IL-3 activation of the CRE-2 reporter was mediated via the PI3-K/Akt pathway. The SIE binding activity was constitutively high in cells deprived of or stimulated by IL-3. In contrast, the CRE-2 binding activity was low in cytokine-starved cells and was strongly induced within 1 h following cytokine treatment of cells. In addition, cytokine induction of the CRE-2 but not of the SIE binding activity was dependent on activation of the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway. Lastly, we showed that CREB was one component of the CRE-2 binding complex and played a role in IL-3 activation of the mcl-1 reporter gene. Taken together, our results suggest that both PI3-K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways contribute to the IL-3 activation of mcl-1 gene expression. Activation of mcl-1 by the PI3-K/Akt-dependent pathway is through a transcription factor complex containing CREB.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Yen-Jiou Yuan Rd. Sec. 2, NangKang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: 886-2-2789-9228. Fax: 886-2-2782-6085. E-mail: IMBYY{at}ccvax.sinica.edu.tw.


Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 1999, p. 6195-6206, Vol. 19, No. 9
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



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