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Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 1999, p. 6217-6228, Vol. 19, No. 9
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Grb10, a Positive, Stimulatory Signaling Adapter in
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor BB-, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I-, and
Insulin-Mediated Mitogenesis
Jian
Wang,
Heping
Dai,
Nasim
Yousaf,
Mustapha
Moussaif,
Youping
Deng,
Amale
Boufelliga,
O. Rama
Swamy,
Michelle E.
Leone, and
Heimo
Riedel*
Department of Biological Sciences and Barbara
Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit,
Michigan 48202
Received 18 August 1998/Returned for modification 7 October
1998/Accepted 3 June 1999
Grb10 has been described as a cellular partner of several receptor
tyrosine kinases, including the insulin receptor (IR) and the
insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor (IGF-IR). Its cellular
role is still unclear and a positive as well as an inhibitory role in
mitogenesis depending on the cell context has been implicated. We have
tested other mitogenic receptor tyrosine kinases as putative Grb10
partners and have identified the activated forms of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor
(PDGFR
), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met), and fibroblast growth factor receptor as candidates. We
have mapped Y771 as a PDFGR
site that is involved in the association with Grb10 via its SH2 domain. We have further investigated the putative role of Grb10 in mitogenesis with four independent
experimental strategies and found that all consistently suggested a
role as a positive, stimulatory signaling adaptor in normal
fibroblasts. (i) Complete Grb10 expression from cDNA with an
ecdysone-regulated transient expression system stimulated PDGF-BB-,
IGF-I, and insulin- but not epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced DNA
synthesis in an ecdysone dose-responsive fashion. (ii) Microinjection
of the (dominant-negative) Grb10 SH2 domain interfered with PDGF-BB- and insulin-induced DNA synthesis. (iii) Alternative experiments were
based on cell-permeable fusion peptides with the Drosophila antennapedia homeodomain which effectively traverse the plasma membrane
of cultured cells. A cell-permeable Grb10 SH2 domain similarly
interfered with PDGF-BB-, IGF-I-, and insulin-induced DNA synthesis. In
contrast, a cell-permeable Grb10 Pro-rich putative SH3 domain binding
region interfered with IGF-I- and insulin- but not with PDGF-BB- or
EGF-induced DNA synthesis. (iv) Transient overexpression of complete
Grb10 increased whereas cell-permeable Grb10 SH2 domain fusion peptides
substantially decreased the cell proliferation rate (as measured by
cell numbers) in normal fibroblasts. These experimental strategies
independently suggest that Grb10 functions as a positive, stimulatory,
mitogenic signaling adapter in PDGF-BB, IGF-I, and insulin action. This
function appears to involve the Grb10 SH2 domain, a novel sequence
termed BPS, and the Pro-rich putative SH3 domain binding region in
IGF-I- and insulin-mediated mitogenesis. In contrast, PDGF-BB-mediated
mitogenesis appears to depend on the SH2 but not on the Pro-rich region
and may involve other, unidentified Grb10 domains. Distinct protein domains may help to define specific Grb10 functions in different signaling pathways.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Biological Sciences, 2171 BSB, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
48202-3917. Phone: (313) 577-7870 or (313) 577-8338. Fax: (313)
577-6891. E-mail: hriedel{at}sun.science.wayne.edu.

Present address: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Wuhan, 430072,
China.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 1999, p. 6217-6228, Vol. 19, No. 9
0270-7306/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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