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Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2000, p. 6095-6104, Vol. 20, No. 16
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Analysis of the Complex Relationship between Nuclear Export and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Gene Regulation

Richard S. Pollenz* and E. Rick Barbour

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

Received 10 February 2000/Returned for modification 29 March 2000/Accepted 22 May 2000

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) contains signals for both nuclear import and nuclear export (NES). The purpose of the studies in this report was to determine the relationship between the nuclear export of the AHR and AHR-mediated gene regulation. Blockage of nuclear export in HepG2 cells with leptomycin B (LMB) resulted in increased levels of AHR-AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT) complex in the nucleus and correlative reductions in agonist-stimulated AHR degradation. However, LMB exposure inhibited agonist-mediated induction of numerous AHR-responsive reporter genes by 75 to 89% and also inhibited induction of endogenous CYP1A1. LMB did not transform the AHR to a ligand binding species or affect activation by TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin). Mutagenesis of leucines 66 and 71 of the putative AHR NES resulted in a protein with reduced function in dimerization to ARNT and binding to DNA, while alanine substitution at leucine 69 (AHRA69) resulted in an AHR that bound with ARNT and associated with DNA. AHRA69 protein injected directly into the nuclei of E36 cells remained nuclear following 6 h of agonist stimulation. In transient-transfection assays, AHRA69 accumulated within the nucleus was not degraded efficiently following agonist exposure. Finally, AHRA69 supported induction of AHR-responsive reporter genes in an agonist-dependent manner. These findings show that it is possible to generate an AHR protein defective in nuclear export that is functional in agonist-mediated gene induction. This implies that the negative effect of LMB on agonist-mediated gene induction is independent of the nuclear export of the AHR.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Biology, University of South Florida, 4204 E. Fowler Ave., SCA 110, Tampa, FL 33620-5200. Phone: (813) 974-3250. Fax: (813) 974-3263. E-mail: rpollen{at}chuma.cas.usf.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2000, p. 6095-6104, Vol. 20, No. 16
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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