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Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 2000, p. 6731-6740, Vol. 20, No. 18
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Caspase-Resistant BAP31 Inhibits Fas-Mediated Apoptotic Membrane Fragmentation and Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria

Mai Nguyen, David G. Breckenridge, Axel Ducret, and Gordon C. Shore*

Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6, and Merck-Frosst Center for Therapeutic Research, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada H9H 3L1

Received 3 May 2000/Returned for modification 5 June 2000/Accepted 12 June 2000

BAP31 is a 28-kDa integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum whose cytosolic domain contains two identical caspase recognition sites (AAVD.G) that are preferentially cleaved by initiator caspases, including caspase 8. Cleavage of BAP31 during apoptosis generates a p20 fragment that remains integrated in the membrane and, when expressed ectopically, is a potent inducer of cell death. To examine the consequences of maintaining the structural integrity of BAP31 during apoptosis, the caspase recognition aspartate residues were mutated to alanine residues, and Fas-mediated activation of caspase 8 and cell death were examined in human KB epithelial cells stably expressing the caspase-resistant mutant crBAP31. crBAP31 only modestly slowed the time course for activation of caspases, as assayed by the processing of procaspases 8 and 3 and the measurement of total DEVDase activity. As a result, cleavage of the caspase targets poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase and endogenous BAP31, as well as the redistribution of phosphatidylserine and fragmentation of DNA, was observed. In contrast, cytoplasmic membrane blebbing and fragmentation and apoptotic redistribution of actin were strongly inhibited, cell morphology was retained near normal, and the irreversible loss of cell growth potential following removal of the Fas stimulus was delayed. Of note, crBAP31-expressing cells also resisted Fas-mediated release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the mitochondrial electrochemical potential was only partly reduced. These results argue that BAP31 cleavage is important for manifesting cytoplasmic apoptotic events associated with membrane fragmentation and reveal an unexpected cross talk between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum during Fas-mediated apoptosis in vivo.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, 3655 Drummond St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6. Phone: (514) 398-7282. Fax: (514) 398-7384. E-mail: shore{at}med.mcgill.ca.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 2000, p. 6731-6740, Vol. 20, No. 18
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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