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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2000, p. 7160-7169, Vol. 20, No. 19
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Vav2 Activates Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA Downstream from Growth Factor Receptors but Not beta 1 Integrins

Betty P. Liu1,* and Keith Burridge1,2

Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy1 and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center,2 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Received 22 February 2000/Returned for modification 24 April 2000/Accepted 6 July 2000

The Rho family of GTPases plays a major role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. These G proteins are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors that stimulate the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. In their GTP-bound state, these G proteins interact with downstream effectors. Vav2 is an exchange factor for Rho family GTPases. It is a ubiquitously expressed homologue of Vav1, and like Vav1, it has previously been shown to be activated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Because Vav1 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated and activated following integrin engagement in hematopoietic cells, we investigated the tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav2 in response to integrin-mediated adhesion in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. However, no tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav2 was detected in response to integrin engagement. In contrast, treating cells with either epidermal growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav2. We have examined the effects of overexpressing either wild-type or amino-terminally truncated (constitutively active) forms of Vav2 as fusion proteins with green fluorescent protein. Overexpression of either wild-type or constitutively active Vav2 resulted in prominent membrane ruffles and enhanced stress fibers. These cells revealed elevated rates of cell migration that were inhibited by expression of dominant negative forms of Rac1 and Cdc42. Using a binding assay to measure the activity of Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA, we found that overexpression of Vav2 resulted in increased activity of each of these G proteins. Expression of a carboxy-terminal fragment of Vav2 decreased the elevation of Rac1 activity induced by epidermal growth factor, consistent with Vav2 mediating activation of Rac1 downstream from growth factor receptors.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, 108 Taylor Hall, CB#7090, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7090. Phone: (919) 966-5783. Fax: (919) 966-1856. E-mail: bliu{at}med.unc.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2000, p. 7160-7169, Vol. 20, No. 19
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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