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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2000, p. 7643-7653, Vol. 20, No. 20
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling by the Cockayne Syndrome B DNA Repair-Transcription-Coupling Factor

Elisabetta Citterio,1 Vincent Van Den Boom,1 Gavin Schnitzler,2,dagger Roland Kanaar,1,3 Edgar Bonte,1 Robert E. Kingston,2 Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers,1,* and Wim Vermeulen1

Medical Genetic Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center for Biomedical Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam,1 and Department of Radiation Oncology, Daniël den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam,3 The Netherlands, and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 021142

Received 28 February 2000/Returned for modification 5 April 2000/Accepted 24 July 2000

The Cockayne syndrome B protein (CSB) is required for coupling DNA excision repair to transcription in a process known as transcription-coupled repair (TCR). Cockayne syndrome patients show UV sensitivity and severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities. CSB is a DNA-dependent ATPase of the SWI2/SNF2 family. SWI2/SNF2-like proteins are implicated in chromatin remodeling during transcription. Since chromatin structure also affects DNA repair efficiency, chromatin remodeling activities within repair are expected. Here we used purified recombinant CSB protein to investigate whether it can remodel chromatin in vitro. We show that binding of CSB to DNA results in an alteration of the DNA double-helix conformation. In addition, we find that CSB is able to remodel chromatin structure at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. Specifically, CSB can alter DNase I accessibility to reconstituted mononucleosome cores and disarrange an array of nucleosomes regularly spaced on plasmid DNA. In addition, we show that CSB interacts not only with double-stranded DNA but also directly with core histones. Finally, intact histone tails play an important role in CSB remodeling. CSB is the first repair protein found to play a direct role in modulating nucleosome structure. The relevance of this finding to the interplay between transcription and repair is discussed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: MGC---Dept. of Cell Biology and Genetics, CBG, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 10 408 7199. Fax: 31 10 408 9468. E-mail: hoeijmakers{at}gen.fgg.eur.nl.

dagger Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2000, p. 7643-7653, Vol. 20, No. 20
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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