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Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2000, p. 8047-8058, Vol. 20, No. 21
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Identification of Novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Proteins with Nuclear Export Activity: Cell Cycle-Regulated
Transcription Factor Ace2p Shows Cell Cycle-Independent
Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling
Torben Heick
Jensen,1
Megan
Neville,1,
Jean Christophe
Rain,2,
Terri
McCarthy,1
Pierre
Legrain,2,
and
Michael
Rosbash1,*
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department
of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
02454,1 and Unité de
Génétique des Interactions Macromoléculaires- CNRS
URA1300, Institut Pasteur, 75524 Paris Cedex 15, France2
Received 6 April 2000/Returned for modification 9 May 2000/Accepted 1 August 2000
Nuclear export of proteins containing leucine-rich nuclear export
signals (NESs) is mediated by the NES receptor CRM1/Crm1p. We have
carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen with Crm1p as a bait. The
Crm1p-interacting clones were subscreened for nuclear export activity
in a visual assay utilizing the Crm1p-inhibitor leptomycin B (LMB).
This approach identified three Saccharomyces cerevisiae
proteins not previously known to have nuclear export activity. These
proteins are the 5' RNA triphosphatase Ctl1p, the cell cycle-regulated
transcription factor Ace2p, and a protein encoded by the previously
uncharacterized open reading frame YDR499W. Mutagenesis analysis show
that YDR499Wp contains an NES that conforms to the consensus sequence
for leucine-rich NESs. Mutagenesis of Ctl1p and Ace2p were unable to
identify specific NES residues. However, a 29-amino-acid region of
Ace2p, rich in hydrophobic residues, contains nuclear export activity.
Ace2p accumulates in the nucleus at the end of mitosis and activates
early-G1-specific genes. We now provide evidence that Ace2p
is nuclear not only in late M-early G1 but also during
other stages of the cell cycle. This feature of Ace2p localization
explains its ability to activate genes such as CUP1, which
are not expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Biology, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02454. Phone: (781) 736-3160. Fax: (781) 736-3164. E-mail:
rosbash{at}brandeis.edu.

Present address: University of Glasgow, CRC Beatson Laboratories,
Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1BD, United
Kingdom.

Present address: Hybrigenics, Paris 75012,
France.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2000, p. 8047-8058, Vol. 20, No. 21
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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