A Family of LIM-Only Transcriptional Coactivators: Tissue-Specific Expression and Selective Activation of CREB and CREM

doi:10.1128/MCB.20.22.8613-8622.2000

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Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2000, p. 8613-8622, Vol. 20, No. 22
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Family of LIM-Only Transcriptional Coactivators: Tissue-Specific Expression and Selective Activation of CREB and CREM

Gian Maria Fimia, Dario De Cesare, and Paolo Sassone-Corsi^*

Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM, Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch-Strasbourg, France

Received 5 May 2000/Returned for modification 16 June 2000/Accepted 17 August 2000

Transcription factors of the CREB family control the expression of a large number of genes in response to various signalingpathways. Regulation mediated by members of the CREB family hasbeen linked to various physiological functions. Classically, activationby CREB is known to occur upon phosphorylation at an essentialregulatory site (Ser133 in CREB) and the subsequent interactionwith the ubiquitous coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP). However,the mechanism by which selectivity is achieved in the identificationof target genes, as well as the routes adopted to ensure tissue-specificactivation, remains unrecognized. We have recently described thefirst tissue-specific coactivator of CREB family transcriptionfactors, ACT (activator of CREM in testis). ACT is a LIM-onlyprotein which associates with CREM in male germ cells and providesan activation function which is independent of phosphorylationand CBP. Here we characterize a family of LIM-only proteins whichshare common structural organization with ACT. These are referredto as four-and-a-half-LIM-domain (FHL) proteins and display tissue-specificand developmentally regulated expression. FHL proteins displaydifferent degrees of intrinsic activation potential. They providepowerful activation function to both CREB and CREM when coexpressedeither in yeast or in mammalian cells, specific combinations elicitingselective activation. Deletion analysis of the ACT protein showsthat the activation function depends on specific arrangementsof the LIM domains, which are essential for both transactivationand interaction properties. This study uncovers the existenceof a family of tissue-specific coactivators that operate throughnovel, CBP-independent routes to elicit transcriptional activationby CREB and CREM. The future identification of additional partnersof FHL proteins is likely to reveal unappreciated aspects of tissue-specifictranscriptionalregulation.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM, UniversitéLouis Pasteur, B.P. 163, 67404 Illkirch-Strasbourg, France. Phone:33 388 653410. Fax: 33 388 653246. E-mail: paolosc{at}igbmc.u-strasbg.fr.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2000, p. 8613-8622, Vol. 20, No. 22
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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