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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2000, p. 3015-3026, Vol. 20, No. 9
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

TAK1 Participates in c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling during Drosophila Development

Yoshihiro Takatsu,1,2 Makoto Nakamura,1,* Mark Stapleton,3 Maria C. Danos,3 Kunihiro Matsumoto,4 Michael B. O'Connor,3 Hiroshi Shibuya,1,5 and Naoto Ueno1,6

Division of Morphogenesis, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology,1 and Department of Molecular Biomechanics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies,6 Okazaki 444-8585, Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060,2 Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-01,4 and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Kyoto 619-02,5 Japan, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 554553

Received 17 May 1999/Returned for modification 30 June 1999/Accepted 27 January 2000

Transforming growth factor beta  (TGF-beta )-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the MAPKKK superfamily and has been characterized as a component of the TGF-beta /bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. TAK1 function has been extensively studied in cultured cells, but its in vivo function is not fully understood. In this study, we isolated a Drosophila homolog of TAK1 (dTAK1) which contains an extensively conserved NH2-terminal kinase domain and a partially conserved COOH-terminal domain. To learn about possible endogenous roles of TAK1 during animal development, we generated transgenic flies which express dTAK1 or the mouse TAK1 (mTAK1) gene in the fly visual system. Ectopic activation of TAK1 signaling leads to a small eye phenotype, and genetic analysis reveals that this phenotype is a result of ectopically induced apoptosis. Genetic and biochemical analyses also indicate that the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is specifically activated by TAK1 signaling. Expression of a dominant negative form of dTAK during embryonic development resulted in various embryonic cuticle defects including dorsal open phenotypes. Our results strongly suggest that in Drosophila melanogaster, TAK1 functions as a MAPKKK in the JNK signaling pathway and participates in such diverse roles as control of cell shape and regulation of apoptosis.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Morphogenesis, Department of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan. Phone: (81)-564-55-7574. Fax: (81)-564-55-7571. E-mail: mack{at}nibb.ac.jp.


Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2000, p. 3015-3026, Vol. 20, No. 9
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



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