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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2001, p. 3558-3563, Vol. 21, No. 10
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3558-3563.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role of DNA Polymerase eta  in the Bypass of a (6-4) TT Photoproduct

Robert E. Johnson, Lajos Haracska, Satya Prakash, and Louise Prakash*

Sealy Center for Molecular Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1061

Received 10 January 2001/Returned for modification 14 February 2001/Accepted 20 February 2001

UV light-induced DNA lesions block the normal replication machinery. Eukaryotic cells possess DNA polymerase eta  (Poleta ), which has the ability to replicate past a cis-syn thymine-thymine (TT) dimer efficiently and accurately, and mutations in human Poleta result in the cancer-prone syndrome, the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum. Here, we test Poleta for its ability to bypass a (6-4) TT lesion which distorts the DNA helix to a much greater extent than a cis-syn TT dimer. Opposite the 3' T of a (6-4) TT photoproduct, both yeast and human Poleta preferentially insert a G residue, but they are unable to extend from the inserted nucleotide. DNA Polzeta , essential for UV induced mutagenesis, efficiently extends from the G residue inserted opposite the 3' T of the (6-4) TT lesion by Poleta , and Polzeta inserts the correct nucleotide A opposite the 5' T of the lesion. Thus, the efficient bypass of the (6-4) TT photoproduct is achieved by the combined action of Poleta and Polzeta , wherein Poleta inserts a nucleotide opposite the 3' T of the lesion and Polzeta extends from it. These biochemical observations are in concert with genetic studies in yeast indicating that mutations occur predominantly at the 3' T of the (6-4) TT photoproduct and that these mutations frequently exhibit a 3' Tright-arrowC change that would result from the insertion of a G opposite the 3' T of the (6-4) TT lesion.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Sealy Center for Molecular Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, 6.104 Medical Research Building, 11th & Mechanic St., Galveston, TX 77555-1061. Phone: (409) 747-8601. Fax: (409) 747-8608. E-mail: lprakash{at}scms.utmb.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2001, p. 3558-3563, Vol. 21, No. 10
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3558-3563.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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