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Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2001, p. 3725-3737, Vol. 21, No. 11
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.11.3725-3737.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Rfc4 Interacts with Rpa1 and Is Required for Both DNA Replication and DNA Damage Checkpoints in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Hee-Sook Kim and Steven J. Brill*

Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854

Received 28 December 2000/Returned for modification 1 February 2001/Accepted 28 March 2001

The large subunit of replication protein A (Rpa1) consists of three single-stranded DNA binding domains and an N-terminal domain (Rpa1N) of unknown function. To determine the essential role of this domain we searched for mutations that require wild-type Rpa1N for viability in yeast. A mutation in RFC4, encoding a small subunit of replication factor C (RFC), was found to display allele-specific interactions with mutations in the gene encoding Rpa1 (RFA1). Mutations that map to Rpa1N and confer sensitivity to the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea, such as rfa1-t11, are lethal in combination with rfc4-2. The rfc4-2 mutant itself is sensitive to hydroxyurea, and like rfc2 and rfc5 strains, it exhibits defects in the DNA replication block and intra-S checkpoints. RFC4 and the DNA damage checkpoint gene RAD24 were found to be epistatic with respect to DNA damage sensitivity. We show that the rfc4-2 mutant is defective in the G1/S DNA damage checkpoint response and that both the rfc4-2 and rfa1-t11 strains are defective in the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint. Thus, in addition to its essential role as part of the clamp loader in DNA replication, Rfc4 plays a role as a sensor in multiple DNA checkpoint pathways. Our results suggest that a physical interaction between Rfc4 and Rpa1N is required for both roles.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes La., CABM, Piscataway, NJ 08854. Phone: (732) 235-4197. Fax: (732) 235-4880. E-mail: brill{at}mbcl.rutgers.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, June 2001, p. 3725-3737, Vol. 21, No. 11
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.11.3725-3737.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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