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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2001, p. 4505-4514, Vol. 21, No. 14
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.14.4505-4514.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
The Drosophila Homolog of Mammalian
Zinc Finger Factor MTF-1 Activates Transcription in Response to
Heavy Metals
Bo
Zhang,
Dieter
Egli,
Oleg
Georgiev, and
Walter
Schaffner*
Institut für Molekularbiologie,
Universität Zürich-Irchel, CH-8057 Zürich,
Switzerland
Received 31 October 2000/Returned for modification 19 December
2000/Accepted 24 April 2001
Metallothioneins (MTs) are short, cysteine-rich proteins for heavy
metal homeostasis and detoxification; they bind a variety of heavy
metals and also act as radical scavengers. Transcription of mammalian
MT genes is activated by heavy metal load via the metal-responsive
transcription factor 1 (MTF-1), an essential zinc finger protein whose
elimination in mice leads to embryonic lethality due to liver decay.
Here we characterize the Drosophila homolog of
vertebrate MTF-1 (dMTF-1), a 791-amino-acid protein which is most
similar to its mammalian counterpart in the DNA-binding zinc finger
region. Like mammalian MTF-1, dMTF-1 binds to conserved metal-responsive promoter elements (MREs) and requires zinc for DNA
binding, yet some aspects of heavy metal regulation have also been
subject to divergent evolution between Drosophila and
mammals. dMTF-1, unlike mammalian MTF-1, is resistant to low pH (6 to
6.5). Furthermore, mammalian MT genes are activated best by zinc and cadmium, whereas in Drosophila cells, cadmium and copper
are more potent inducers than zinc. The latter species difference is
most likely due to aspects of heavy metal metabolism other than MTF-1, since in transfected mammalian cells, dMTF-1 responds to zinc like
mammalian MTF-1. Heavy metal induction of both
Drosophila MTs is abolished by double-stranded RNA
interference: small amounts of cotransfected double-stranded RNA of
dMTF-1 but not of unrelated control RNA inhibit the
response to both the endogenous dMTF-1 and transfected dMTF-1. These
data underline an important role for dMTF-1 in MT gene regulation and
thus heavy metal homeostasis.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut
für Molekularbiologie, Universität Zürich-Irchel,
Winterthurer Strasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. Phone:
41-1-635 3151. Fax: 41-1-635 6811. E-mail:
walter.schaffner{at}molbio.unizh.ch.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2001, p. 4505-4514, Vol. 21, No. 14
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.14.4505-4514.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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