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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2001, p. 6626-6639, Vol. 21, No. 19
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.19.6626-6639.2001
Silencing of Wnt Signaling and Activation of
Multiple Metabolic Pathways in Response to Thyroid Hormone-Stimulated
Cell Proliferation
Lance D.
Miller,1
Kyung Soo
Park,2
Qingbin M.
Guo,1,
Nawal W.
Alkharouf,1
Renae L.
Malek,3
Norman H.
Lee,3
Edison T.
Liu,1 and
Sheue-yann
Cheng2,*
Section of Molecular Signaling and
Oncogenesis, Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical
Sciences,1 and Laboratory of Molecular
Biology,2 National Cancer Institute, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and The
Institute for Genomic Research, Department of Functional Genomics,
Rockville, Maryland 208503
Received 6 February 2001/Returned for modification 9 May
2001/Accepted 2 July 2001
To investigate the transcriptional program underlying
thyroid hormone (T3)-induced cell proliferation, cDNA
microarrays were used to survey the temporal expression profiles of
4,400 genes. Of 358 responsive genes identified, 88% had not
previously been reported to be transcriptionally or functionally
modulated by T3. Partitioning the genes into functional classes
revealed the activation of multiple pathways, including glucose
metabolism, biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, protein
degradation, and detoxification in T3-induced cell proliferation.
Clustering the genes by temporal expression patterns provided further
insight into the dynamics of T3 response pathways. Of particular
significance was the finding that T3 rapidly repressed the expression
of key regulators of the Wnt signaling pathway and suppressed the
transcriptional downstream elements of the
-catenin-T-cell
factor complex. This was confirmed biochemically, as
-catenin
protein levels also decreased, leading to a decrease in the
transcriptional activity of a
-catenin-responsive promoter. These
results indicate that T3-induced cell proliferation is accompanied by a
complex coordinated transcriptional reprogramming of many genes in
different pathways and that early silencing of the Wnt pathway may be
critical to this event.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of
Molecular Biology, Building 37, Room 2D24, 37 Convent Dr., MSC 4255, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255. Phone: (301) 496-4280. Fax: (301) 480-9676. E-mail:
sycheng{at}helix.nih.gov.

Present address: Division of Cancer Biology, Cancer Center, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
21205.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2001, p. 6626-6639, Vol. 21, No. 19
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.19.6626-6639.2001
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