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Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 2001, p. 414-424, Vol. 21, No. 2
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.2.414-424.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Interleukin-6-Induced STAT3 and AP-1 Amplify Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-Mediated Transactivation of Hepatic Genes, an Adaptive Response to Liver Injury

Julia I. Leu,1 Mary Ann S. Crissey,1 James P. Leu,1 Gennaro Ciliberto,2 and Rebecca Taub1,*

Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,1 and Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy2

Received 31 July 2000/Returned for modification 11 November 2000/Accepted 17 October 2000

Following hepatic injury or stress, gluconeogenic and acute-phase response genes are rapidly upregulated to restore metabolic homeostasis and limit tissue damage. Regulation of the liver-restricted insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) gene is dramatically altered by changes in the metabolic state and hepatectomy, and thus it provided an appropriate reporter to assess the transcriptional milieu in the liver during repair and regeneration. The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is required for liver regeneration and repair, and it transcriptionally upregulates a vast array of genes during liver growth by unknown mechanisms. Evidence for a biologic role of IL-6 in IGFBP-1 upregulation was demonstrated by increased expression of hepatic IGFBP-1 in IL-6 transgenic and following injection of IL-6 into nonfasting animals and its reduced expression in IL-6-/- livers posthepatectomy. In both hepatic and nonhepatic cells, IL-6 -mediated IGFBP-1 promoter activation was via an intact hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1) site and was dependent on the presence of endogenous liver factor HNF-1 and induced factors STAT3 and AP-1 (c-Fos/c-Jun). IL-6 acted through the STAT3 pathway, as dominant negative STAT3 completely blocked IL-6-mediated stimulation of the IGFBP-1 promoter via the HNF-1 site. HNF-1/c-Fos and HNF-1/STAT3 protein complexes were detected in mouse livers and in hepatic and nonhepatic cell lines overexpressing STAT3/c-Fos/HNF-1. Similar regulation was demonstrated using glucose-6-phosphatase and alpha -fibrinogen promoters, indicating that HNF-1/IL-6/STAT3/AP-1-mediated transactivation of hepatic gene expression is a general phenomenon after liver injury. These results demonstrate that the two classes of transcription factors, growth induced (STAT3 and AP-1) and tissue specific (HNF-1), can interact as an adaptive response to liver injury to amplify expression of hepatic genes important for the homeostatic response during organ repair.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 705A Stellar-Chance, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215) 898-9131. Fax: (215) 573-2195 or (215) 573-9411. E-mail: taubra{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 2001, p. 414-424, Vol. 21, No. 2
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.2.414-424.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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