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Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 2001, p. 524-533, Vol. 21, No. 2
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.2.524-533.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Id Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins Antagonize Pax
Transcription Factor Activity by Inhibiting DNA Binding
E. Claire
Roberts,1,
Richard W.
Deed,2
Toshiaki
Inoue,3
John D.
Norton,2,3 and
Andrew D.
Sharrocks1,*
Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, The
Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne
NE2 4HH,1 Cancer Research Campaign
Department of Gene Regulation, Paterson Institute for Cancer
Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester M20
9BX,2 and Department of Biological
Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4
3SQ,3 United Kingdom
Received 26 October 2000/Accepted 1 November 2000
The Id subfamily of helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins plays a
fundamental role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The major mechanism by which Id proteins are thought
to inhibit differentiation is through interaction with other HLH
proteins and inhibition of their DNA-binding activity. However, Id
proteins have also been shown to interact with other proteins involved
in regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation, suggesting a
more widespread regulatory function. In this study we demonstrate
functional interactions between Id proteins and members of the
Pax-2/-5/-8 subfamily of paired-domain transcription factors. Members
of the Pax transcription factor family have key functions in regulating
several developmental processes exemplified by B lymphopoiesis, in
which Pax-5 plays an essential role. Id proteins bind to Pax proteins
in vitro and in vivo. Binding occurs through the paired DNA-binding
domain of the Pax proteins and results in the disruption of DNA-bound
complexes containing Pax-2, Pax-5, and Pax-8. In vivo, Id proteins
modulate the transcriptional activity mediated by Pax-5 complexes on
the B-cell-specific mb-1 promoter. Our results therefore
demonstrate a novel facet of Id function in regulating cellular
differentiation by functionally antagonizing the action of members of
the Pax transcription factor family.
*
Corresponding author. Present address: School of
Biological Sciences, Stopford Building, University of Manchester,
Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom. Phone: 0044-161 275 5979. Fax: 0044-161 275 5082. E-mail:
a.d.sharrocks{at}man.ac.uk.

Present address: Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of
Cardiff, Cardiff CF1 3US, United
Kingdom.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 2001, p. 524-533, Vol. 21, No. 2
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.2.524-533.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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