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Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2001, p. 1285-1296, Vol. 21, No. 4
Department of Pathology, Baylor College of
Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
Received 13 September 2000/Returned for modification 20 October
2000/Accepted 9 November 2000
Alternative splicing of cardiac troponin T (cTNT) exon 5 undergoes
a developmentally regulated switch such that exon inclusion predominates in embryonic, but not adult, striated muscle. We previously described four muscle-specific splicing enhancers (MSEs) within introns flanking exon 5 in chicken cTNT that are both necessary and sufficient for exon inclusion in embryonic muscle. We also demonstrated that CUG-binding protein (CUG-BP) binds a conserved CUG
motif within a human cTNT MSE and positively regulates MSE-dependent exon inclusion. Here we report that CUG-BP is one of a novel family of
developmentally regulated RNA binding proteins that includes embryonically lethal abnormal vision-type RNA binding protein 3 (ETR-3). This family, which we call CELF proteins for CUG-BP- and
ETR-3-like factors, specifically bound MSE-containing RNAs in vitro and
activated MSE-dependent exon inclusion of cTNT minigenes in vivo. The
expression of two CELF proteins is highly restricted to brain. CUG-BP,
ETR-3, and CELF4 are more broadly expressed, and expression is
developmentally regulated in striated muscle and brain. Changes in the
level of expression and isoforms of ETR-3 in two different
developmental systems correlated with regulated changes in cTNT
splicing. A switch from cTNT exon skipping to inclusion tightly
correlated with induction of ETR-3 protein expression during
differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. During heart development, the
switch in cTNT splicing correlated with a transition in ETR-3 protein
isoforms. We propose that ETR-3 is a major regulator of cTNT
alternative splicing and that the CELF family plays an important regulatory role in cell-specific alternative splicing during normal development and disease.
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.4.1285-1296.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
The CELF Family of RNA Binding Proteins Is
Implicated in Cell-Specific and Developmentally Regulated
Alternative Splicing
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: (713) 798-3141. Fax: (713) 798-5838. E-mail:
tcooper{at}bcm.tmc.edu.
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