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Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 2001, p. 1769-1783, Vol. 21, No. 5
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.5.1769-1783.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Subtype-Specific Translocation of the delta  Subtype of Protein Kinase C and Its Activation by Tyrosine Phosphorylation Induced by Ceramide in HeLa Cells

Taketoshi Kajimoto, Shiho Ohmori, Yasuhito Shirai, Norio Sakai, and Naoaki Saito*

Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan

Received 19 July 2000/Returned for modification 30 August 2000/Accepted 7 December 2000

We investigated the functional roles of ceramide, an intracellular lipid mediator, in cell signaling pathways by monitoring the intracellular movement of protein kinase C (PKC) subtypes fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) in HeLa living cells. C2-ceramide but not C2-dihydroceramide induced translocation of delta PKC-GFP to the Golgi complex, while alpha PKC- and zeta PKC-GFP did not respond to ceramide. The Golgi-associated delta PKC-GFP induced by ceramide was further translocated to the plasma membrane by phorbol ester treatment. Ceramide itself accumulated to the Golgi complex where delta PKC was translocated by ceramide. Gamma interferon also induced the delta PKC-specific translocation from the cytoplasm to the Golgi complex via the activation of Janus kinase and Mg2+-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase. Photobleaching studies showed that ceramide does not evoke tight binding of delta PKC-GFP to the Golgi complex but induces the continuous association and dissociation of delta PKC with the Golgi complex. Ceramide inhibited the kinase activity of delta PKC-GFP in the presence of phosphatidylserine and diolein in vitro, while the kinase activity of delta PKC-GFP immunoprecipitated from ceramide-treated cells was increased. The immunoprecipitated delta PKC-GFP was tyrosine phosphorylated after ceramide treatment. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor abolished the ceramide-induced activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of delta PKC-GFP. These results suggested that gamma interferon stimulation followed by ceramide generation through Mg2+-dependent sphingomyelinase induced delta PKC-specific translocation to the Golgi complex and that translocation results in delta PKC activation through tyrosine phosphorylation of the enzyme.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan. Phone: 81-78-803-5961. Fax: 81-78-803-5971. E-mail: naosaito{at}kobe-u.ac.jp.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, March 2001, p. 1769-1783, Vol. 21, No. 5
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.5.1769-1783.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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