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Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 2001, p. 2298-2311, Vol. 21, No. 7
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.7.2298-2311.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
PSF Is a Novel Corepressor That Mediates Its Effect
through Sin3A and the DNA Binding Domain of Nuclear Hormone
Receptors
Mukul
Mathur,1
Philip W.
Tucker,2 and
Herbert H.
Samuels1,*
Division of Clinical and Molecular
Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology,
New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
10016,1 and Molecular Genetics and
Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
787052
Received 24 August 2000/Returned for modification 12 October
2000/Accepted 8 January 2001
Members of the type II nuclear hormone receptor subfamily (e.g.,
thyroid hormone receptors [TRs], retinoic acid receptors, retinoid X
receptors [RXRs], vitamin D receptor, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) bind to their response sequences with
or without ligand. In the absence of ligand, these DNA-bound receptors
mediate different degrees of repression or silencing of gene expression
which is thought to result from the association of their ligand binding
domains (LBDs) with corepressors. Two related corepressors, N-CoR and
SMRT, interact to various degrees with the LBDs of these type II
receptors in the absence of their cognate ligands. N-CoR and SMRT have
been proposed to act by recruiting class I histone deacetylases (HDAC
I) through an association with Sin3, although they have also been shown
to recruit class II HDACs through a Sin3-independent mechanism. In this
study, we used a biochemical approach to identify novel nuclear factors
that interact with unliganded full-length TR and RXR. We found that the
DNA binding domains (DBDs) of TR and RXR associate with two proteins which we identified as PSF (polypyrimidine tract-binding
protein-associated splicing factor) and
NonO/p54nrb. Our studies indicate that PSF is a
novel repressor which interacts with Sin3A and mediates silencing
through the recruitment of HDACs to the receptor DBD. In vivo studies
with TR showed that although N-CoR fully dissociates in the presence of
ligand, the levels of TR-bound PSF and Sin3A appear to remain
unchanged, indicating that Sin3A can be recruited to the receptor
independent of N-CoR or SMRT. RXR was not detected to bind N-CoR
although it bound PSF and Sin3A as effectively as TR, and this
association with RXR did not change with ligand. Our studies point to a
novel PSF/Sin3-mediated pathway for nuclear hormone receptors, and
possibly other transcription factors, which may fine-tune the
transcriptional response as well as play an important role in mediating
the repressive effects of those type II receptors which only weakly
interact with N-CoR and SMRT.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of
Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and
Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016. Phone: (212) 263-6279. Fax: (212)
263-7701. E-mail: herbert.samuels{at}med.nyu.edu.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 2001, p. 2298-2311, Vol. 21, No. 7
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.7.2298-2311.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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