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Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 2001, p. 2716-2725, Vol. 21, No. 8
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.8.2716-2725.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Structure and Specificity of GATA Proteins in Th2 Development

Sheila Ranganath and Kenneth M. Murphy*

Department of Pathology and Center for Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Received 26 May 2000/Returned for modification 17 July 2000/Accepted 23 January 2001

Development of Th2 subset of CD4+ T cells involves the interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and Stat6-dependent increase in GATA-3 expression during primary activation. Recently we reported that the phenotypic stability and factor independence of Th2 cells involves acquisition of an intracellular pathway that maintains GATA-3 expression. Evidence from retroviral expression studies implied that this pathway involved an autoactivation of GATA-3 expression, since Stat6-deficient T cells induced endogenous GATA-3 when infected with GATA-3-expressing retroviruses. That study left unresolved the issue of whether GATA-3 autoactivation was direct or indirect. Several other Th2-specific transcription factors have been described, including c-Maf and JunB. We therefore examined the ability of these other transcription factors to induce GATA-3 expression and promote Th2 development. Neither c-Maf nor JunB induced Th2 development in Stat6-deficient CD4+ T cells, in contrast to GATA-3. Consistent with this indication of a possible direct autoactivation pathway, we also observed that heterologous GATA family proteins GATA-1, GATA-2, and GATA-4 were also capable of inducing GATA-3 expression in developing Stat6-deficient T cells and promote Th2 development. Mutational analysis revealed evidence for two distinct mechanisms of GATA-3 action. IL-4 induction by GATA-3 required each of the functional domains to be present, whereas repression of gamma interferon could occur even when mutants of GATA-3 lacking the second transactivation domain, TA2, were expressed. The GATA-dependent induction of the GATA-3 but not the other GATA genes in T cells suggests that T-cell-specific cis elements within the GATA-3 locus likely cooperate with a general GATA recognition motif to allow GATA-3-dependent autoactivation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 362-2009. Fax: (314) 747-4888. E-mail: murphy{at}immunology.wustl.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, April 2001, p. 2716-2725, Vol. 21, No. 8
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.8.2716-2725.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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