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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2001, p. 3192-3205, Vol. 21, No. 9
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.9.3192-3205.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Induction of 3-Integrin Gene Expression by Sustained Activation of the Ras-Regulated Raf-MEK-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway

Douglas Woods,^1, Holly Cherwinski,² Eleni Venetsanakos,¹ Arun Bhat,¹ Stephan Gysin,¹ Martine Humbert,² Paul F. Bray,³ Vicki L. Saylor,¹ and Martin McMahon^1,*

Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, California 94115¹; Department of Cell Signaling, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, California 94304²; and Section of Thrombosis, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030³

Received 30 October 2000/Returned for modification 13 December 2000/Accepted 7 February 2001

Alterations in the expression of integrin receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are strongly associated with the acquisition of invasive and/or metastatic properties by human cancer cells. Despite this, comparatively little is known of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate the expression of integrin genes in cells. Here we demonstrate that the Ras-activated Raf-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway can specifically control the expression of individual integrin subunits in a variety of human and mouse cell lines. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK1 in a number of human melanoma and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines led to reduced cell surface expression of 6- and 3-integrin. Consistent with this, conditional activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway in NIH 3T3 cells led to a 5 to 20-fold induction of cell surface 6- and 3-integrin expression. Induced 3-integrin was expressed on the cell surface as a heterodimer with v-integrin; however, the overall level of v-integrin expression was not altered by Ras or Raf. Raf-induced 3-integrin was observed in primary and established mouse fibroblast lines and in mouse and human endothelial cells. Consistent with previous reports of the ability of the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway to induce 3-integrin gene transcription in human K-562 erythroleukemia cells, Raf activation in NIH 3T3 cells led to elevated 3-integrin mRNA. However, unlike immediate-early Raf targets such as heparin binding epidermal growth factor and Mdm2, 3-integrin mRNA was induced by Raf in a manner that was cycloheximide sensitive. Surprisingly, activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway by growth factors and mitogens had little or no effect on 3-integrin expression, suggesting that the expression of this gene requires sustained activation of this signaling pathway. In addition, despite the robust induction of cell surface v3-integrin expression by Raf in NIH 3T3 cells, such cells display decreased spreading and adhesion, with a loss of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. These data suggest that oncogene-induced alterations in integrin gene expression may participate in the changes in cell adhesion and migration that accompany the process of oncogenic transformation.

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^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF/Mt. Zion Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2340 Sutter St., Box 0128, San Francisco, CA 94115. Phone: (415) 502 5829. Fax: (415) 502 3179. E-mail: mcmahon{at}cc.ucsf.edu.

Present address: NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702.

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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2001, p. 3192-3205, Vol. 21, No. 9
0270-7306/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/MCB.21.9.3192-3205.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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