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Molecular and Cellular Biology, July 2002, p. 4781-4791, Vol. 22, No. 13
0270-7306/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.22.13.4781-4791.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Kinetics of a Gamma Interferon Response: Expression and Assembly of CIITA Promoter IV and Inhibition by Methylation

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322

Received 23 October 2001/ Returned for modification 3 December 2001/ Accepted 28 March 2002

Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were employed to assess the kinetics of transcription factor assembly and histone modifications that occur during gamma interferon (IFN-) induction of CIITA gene expression. CIITA is the master regulator of major histocompatibility complex class II transcription. Promoter IV (PIV), the major IFN- responsive promoter for CIITA expression, requires both STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) for induction by IFN-. STAT1 binding to PIV was detected first and was accompanied by a modest acetylation of histones H3 and H4 that were associated with the region. Despite these changes, which occurred within 30 min of IFN- treatment, CIITA mRNA was not detected until IRF-1 protein was synthesized and bound to its site, a process that required >120 min. In contrast to these events, fetal trophoblast-like cell lines, which are refractory to CIITA induction by IFN-, failed to assemble the above factors or modify their chromatin, suggesting that accessibility to the promoter is blocked. Bisulfite sequencing of PIV showed strong hypermethylation of PIV, providing a link between methylation, chromatin structure, and factor binding. Together, this analysis provides a kinetic view of the activation of the CIITA gene in response to IFN- and shows that regulatory factor assembly, chromatin modification, and gene expression proceed in discrete steps.

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