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Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2003, p. 3656-3668, Vol. 23, No. 10
0270-7306/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.10.3656-3668.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Constitutive E2F1 Overexpression Delays Endochondral Bone Formation by Inhibiting Chondrocyte Differentiation

Blanca Scheijen,{dagger} Marieke Bronk, Tiffany van der Meer, and René Bernards*

Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Center for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Received 10 April 2002/ Returned for modification 6 September 2002/ Accepted 28 February 2003

Longitudinal bone growth results from endochondral ossification, a process that requires proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. It has been shown that proper endochondral bone formation is critically dependent on the retinoblastoma family members p107 and p130. However, the precise functional roles played by individual E2F proteins remain poorly understood. Using both constitutive and conditional E2F1 transgenic mice, we show that ubiquitous transgene-driven expression of E2F1 during embryonic development results in a dwarf phenotype and significantly reduced postnatal viability. Overexpression of E2F1 disturbs chondrocyte maturation, resulting in delayed endochondral ossification, which is characterized by reduced hypertrophic zones and disorganized growth plates. Employing the chondrogenic cell line ATDC5, we investigated the effects of enforced E2F expression on the different phases of chondrocyte maturation that are normally required for endochondral ossification. Ectopic E2F1 expression strongly inhibits early- and late-phase differentiation of ATDC5 cells, accompanied by diminished cartilage nodule formation as well as decreased type II collagen, type X collagen, and aggrecan gene expression. In contrast, overexpression of E2F2 or E2F3a results in only a marginal delay of chondrocyte maturation, and increased E2F4 levels have no effect. These data are consistent with the notion that E2F1 is a regulator of chondrocyte differentiation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 20 5121952. Fax: 31 20 5121954. E-mail: R.Bernards{at}nki.nl.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, May 2003, p. 3656-3668, Vol. 23, No. 10
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.10.3656-3668.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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