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Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2003, p. 5208-5216, Vol. 23, No. 15
0270-7306/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.15.5208-5216.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Specificity and Regulation of DNA Binding by the Yeast Glucose Transporter Gene Repressor Rgt1

Jeong-Ho Kim, Jeffrey Polish, and Mark Johnston*

Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Received 7 April 2003/ Returned for modification 28 April 2003/ Accepted 9 May 2003

Rgt1 is a glucose-responsive transcription factor that binds to the promoters of several HXT genes encoding glucose transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and regulates their expression in response to glucose. Rgt1 contains a Zn2Cys6 binuclear cluster responsible for DNA binding. Most proteins that contain this sequence motif bind as dimers to regularly spaced pairs of the sequence CGG. However, there are no CGG pairs with regular spacing in promoters of genes regulated by Rgt1, suggesting that Rgt1 binds as a monomer to CGG or to another sequence. We identified the Rgt1 consensus binding site sequence 5'-CGGANNA-3', multiple copies of which are present in all HXT promoters regulated by Rgt1. Rgt1 binds in vivo to multiple sites in the HXT3 promoter in a nonadditive, synergistic manner, leading to synergistic repression of HXT3 transcription. We show that glucose inhibits the DNA-binding ability of Rgt1, thereby relieving repression of HXT gene expression. This regulation of Rgt1 DNA-binding activity is caused by its glucose-induced phosphorylation: the hyperphosphorylated Rgt1 present in cells growing on high levels of glucose does not bind DNA in vivo or in vitro; dephosphorylation of this form of Rgt1 in vitro restores its DNA-binding ability. Furthermore, an altered Rgt1 that functions as a constitutive repressor remains hypophosphorylated when glucose is added to cells and binds DNA under these conditions. These results suggest that glucose regulates the DNA-binding ability of Rgt1 by inducing its phosphorylation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4566 Scott Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 362-2735. Fax: (314) 362-7855. E-mail: mj{at}genetics.wustl.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, August 2003, p. 5208-5216, Vol. 23, No. 15
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.15.5208-5216.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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