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The High-Mobility-Group Box Protein SSRP1/T160 Is Essential for Cell Viability in Day 3.5 Mouse Embryos

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2363,¹ New Biotics, San Diego, California 92121,² Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology and University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada,³ Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032,⁴ Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan,⁵ Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School of Novara, Novara 28100, Italy⁶

Received 9 January 2003/ Returned for modification 17 March 2003/ Accepted 8 April 2003

The high-mobility-group (HMG) SSRP1 protein is a member of a conserved chromatin-remodeling complex (FACT/DUF/CP) implicated in DNA replication, basal and regulated transcription, and DNA repair. To assist in the functional analysis of SSRP1, the Ssrp1 gene was targeted in murine embryonic stem cells, and the mutation was introduced into the germ line. Embryos homozygous for the targeted allele die soon after implantation, and preimplantation blastocysts are defective for cell outgrowth and/or survival in vitro. The Ssrp1 mutation was also crossed into a p53 null background without affecting growth and/or survival defects caused by loss of Ssrp1 function. Thus, Ssrp1 appears to encode nonredundant and p53-independent functions that are essential for cell viability.

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