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Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 2003, p. 6350-6362, Vol. 23, No. 18
0270-7306/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.18.6350-6362.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Protein Phosphatase 2A Dephosphorylation of Phosphoserine 112 Plays the Gatekeeper Role for BAD-Mediated Apoptosis

Chi-Wu Chiang,1,{dagger} Cindy Kanies,2 Kwang Woon Kim,1 Wei Bin Fang,2 Christina Parkhurst,3 Minhui Xie,3 Travis Henry,3 and Elizabeth Yang1,2,3,4*

Departments of Pediatrics,1 Cancer Biology, and,2 Cell and Developmental Biology and,4 Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 372323

Received 9 April 2003/ Returned for modification 2 June 2003/ Accepted 13 June 2003

BAD, a proapoptotic molecule of the BCL2 family, is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. During survival, BAD is sequestered by 14-3-3 through serine 136 phosphorylation and is dissociated from BCL-XL through serine 155 phosphorylation. We report that phosphoserine 112 (pSer112) dephosphorylation functions as a gatekeeper for BAD-mediated apoptosis. During apoptosis, dephosphorylation of pSer112 preceded pSer136 dephosphorylation. Dephosphorylation of pSer112 accelerated dephosphorylation of pSer136, and inhibition of pSer112 dephosphorylation prevented pSer136 dephosphorylation, indicating that dephosphorylation of pSer112 is required for dephosphorylation of pSer136. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is the major pSer112 phosphatase. PP2A competed with 14-3-3 for BAD binding, and survival factor withdrawal enhanced PP2A association with BAD. Dephosphorylation of the critical residue, pSer136, could only be blocked by inhibition of all known subfamilies of serine/threonine phosphatases, suggesting that multiple phosphatases are involved in pSer136 dephosphorylation. Inhibition of PP2A rescued FL5.12 cells from apoptosis, demonstrating a physiologic role for PP2A-mediated pSer112 dephosphorylation. Thus, PP2A dephosphorylation of pSer112 is the key initiating event regulating the activation of BAD during interleukin-3 withdrawal-induced apoptosis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 397 PRB, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232. Phone: (615) 936-3585. Fax: (615) 936-1767. E-mail: elizabeth.yang{at}vanderbilt.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 2003, p. 6350-6362, Vol. 23, No. 18
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.18.6350-6362.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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