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Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 2003, p. 6469-6483, Vol. 23, No. 18
0270-7306/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.18.6469-6483.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Ataxin-3 Interactions with Rad23 and Valosin-Containing Protein and Its Associations with Ubiquitin Chains and the Proteasome Are Consistent with a Role in Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteolysis

Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School,¹ Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854²

Received 14 April 2003/ Returned for modification 3 June 2003/ Accepted 20 June 2003

Machado-Joseph disease is caused by an expansion of a trinucleotide CAG repeat in the gene encoding the protein ataxin-3. We investigated if ataxin-3 was a proteasome-associated factor that recognized ubiquitinated substrates based on the rationale that (i) it is present with proteasome subunits and ubiquitin in cellular inclusions, (ii) it interacts with human Rad23, a protein that may translocate proteolytic substrates to the proteasome, and (iii) it shares regions of sequence similarity with the proteasome subunit S5a, which can recognize multiubiquitinated proteins. We report that ataxin-3 interacts with ubiquitinated proteins, can bind the proteasome, and, when the gene harbors an expanded repeat length, can interfere with the degradation of a well-characterized test substrate. Additionally, ataxin-3 associates with the ubiquitin- and proteasome-binding factors Rad23 and valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), findings that support the hypothesis that ataxin-3 is a proteasome-associated factor that mediates the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.

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