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Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2003, p. 6876-6886, Vol. 23, No. 19
0270-7306/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.19.6876-6886.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Cdk7 Is Required for Full Activation of Drosophila Heat Shock Genes and RNA Polymerase II Phosphorylation In Vivo

Brian E. Schwartz,1 Stephane Larochelle,2 Beat Suter,3 and John T. Lis1*

Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca,1 Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,2 Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B13

Received 1 April 2003/ Returned for modification 27 May 2003/ Accepted 16 June 2003

TFIIH has been implicated in several fundamental cellular processes, including DNA repair, cell cycle progression, and transcription. In transcription, the helicase activity of TFIIH functions to melt promoter DNA; however, the in vivo function of the Cdk7 kinase subunit of TFIIH, which has been hypothesized to be involved in RNA polymerase II (Pol II) phosphorylation, is not clearly understood. Using temperature-sensitive and null alleles of cdk7, we have examined the role of Cdk7 in the activation of Drosophila heat shock genes. Several in vivo approaches, including polytene chromosome immunofluorescence, nuclear run-on assays, and, in particular, a protein-DNA cross-linking assay customized for adults, revealed that Cdk7 kinase activity is required for full activation of heat shock genes, promoter-proximal Pol II pausing, and Pol II-dependent chromatin decondensation. The requirement for Cdk7 occurs very early in the transcription cycle. Furthermore, we provide evidence that TFIIH associates with the elongation complex much longer than previously suspected.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Phone: (607) 255-2442. Fax: (607) 255-6249. E-mail: jtl10{at}cornell.edu.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, October 2003, p. 6876-6886, Vol. 23, No. 19
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.19.6876-6886.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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