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Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 2003, p. 708-720, Vol. 23, No. 2
0270-7306/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.2.708-720.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein C Modulates Translation of c-myc mRNA in a Cell Cycle Phase-Dependent Manner

Jong Heon Kim, Ki Young Paek, Kobong Choi, Tae-Don Kim, Bumsuk Hahm, Kyong-Tai Kim, and Sung Key Jang*

National Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea

Received 22 July 2002/ Returned for modification 20 September 2002/ Accepted 11 October 2002

The c-myc proto-oncogene plays a key role in the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and regulation of the cell cycle. Recently, it was demonstrated that the 5' nontranslated region (5' NTR) of human c-myc mRNA contains an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). In this study, we investigated cellular proteins interacting with the IRES element of c-myc mRNA. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (hnRNP C) was identified as a cellular protein that interacts specifically with a heptameric U sequence in the c-myc IRES located between two alternative translation initiation codons CUG and AUG. Moreover, the addition of hnRNP C1 in an in vitro translation system enhanced translation of c-myc mRNA. Interestingly, hnRNP C was partially relocalized from the nucleus, where most of the hnRNP C resides at interphase, to the cytoplasm at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Coincidently, translation mediated through the c-myc IRES was increased at the G2/M phase when cap-dependent translation was partially inhibited. On the other hand, a mutant c-myc mRNA lacking the hnRNP C-binding site, showed a decreased level of translation at the G2/M phase compared to that of the wild-type message. Taken together, these findings suggest that hnRNP C, via IRES binding, modulates translation of c-myc mRNA in a cell cycle phase-dependent manner.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: National Research Laboratory, Department of Life Science, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Hyoja-Dong San 31, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea. Phone: 82-54-279-2298. Fax: 82-54-279-8009. E-mail: sungkey{at}postech.ac.kr.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, January 2003, p. 708-720, Vol. 23, No. 2
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.2.708-720.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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