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Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2003, p. 7698-7707, Vol. 23, No. 21
0270-7306/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.21.7698-7707.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Caenorhabditis elegans EVL-14/PDS-5 and SCC-3 Are Essential for Sister Chromatid Cohesion in Meiosis and Mitosis

Fang Wang,1,2 John Yoder,2 Igor Antoshechkin,2,{dagger} and Min Han1,2*

Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 200433,1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-03472

Received 17 April 2003/ Returned for modification 20 May 2003/ Accepted 25 July 2003

Sister chromatid cohesion is fundamental for the faithful transmission of chromosomes during both meiosis and mitosis. Proteins involved in this process are highly conserved from yeasts to humans. In screenings for sterile animals with abnormal vulval morphology, mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans evl-14 and scc-3 genes were isolated. Defects in cell divisions were observed in germ line as well as in vulval and somatic gonad lineages. Through positional cloning of these genes, we have shown that EVL-14 and SCC-3 are likely the only C. elegans homologs of the yeast sister chromatid cohesion proteins Pds5 and Scc3, respectively. Both evl-14 and scc-3 mutants displayed defects in the meiotic germ line. In evl-14 mutants, synaptonemal complexes (SCs) were detectable but more than the usual six DAPI (4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole)-positive structures were seen at diakinesis, suggesting that EVL-14/PDS-5 is important for the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion in late prophase. In scc-3 mutant animals, normal SCs were not visible and ~24 DAPI-positive structures were seen at diakinesis, indicating that SCC-3 is necessary for sister chromatid cohesion. Immunostaining revealed that localization of REC-8, a homolog of the yeast meiotic cohesin subunit Rec8, to the chromosomes depends on the presence of SCC-3 but not that of EVL-14/PDS-5. scc-3 RNA interference (RNAi)-treated embryos were 100% lethal and displayed defects in cell divisions. evl-14 RNAi caused a range of phenotypes. These results indicate that EVL-14/PDS-5 and SCC-3 have functions in both mitosis and meiosis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Dept. of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO 80309-0347. Phone: (303) 735-0375. Fax: (303) 735-0175. E-mail: mhan{at}Colorado.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.

Molecular and Cellular Biology, November 2003, p. 7698-7707, Vol. 23, No. 21
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.21.7698-7707.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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